The Restructuring of the Yemeni Army

المؤلفون

  • المؤلف

  • Adel Al-Shargabi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31430/almuntaqa.1.1.0038

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Army، Yemen

الملخص

On March 21, 2011, 40 days after the outbreak of the youth revolution in Yemen, General Ali Muhsin Saleh al-Ahmar, commander of the Northeastern region and the First Armored Division, Brigadier Muhammad Ali Muhsin al-Ahmar, commander of the Eastern region, and a number of other senior officers declared their support for the Yemeni Revolution. As a result, the Yemeni Army found itself divided into two armies, “the pro-revolution army” and “the family army,” as labeled by the revolutionary forces, indicating the latter's link to Ali Abdullah Saleh's family. These developments exposed the hidden split within the army, spiraling these divisions to the point of no return. The capital Sanaa and a number of other Yemeni cities subsequently witnessed clashes between these two armies, and between their respective militias, leading the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) initiative to include a specific article addressing the unification and restructuring of the army, to put an end to its division. This paper seeks to explain the latest developments concerning the recent restructuring of the Yemeni Army, focusing on the approach taken to restructure the army, the challenges posed during this process, and the tasks that are yet to be fulfilled. Moreover, it assesses the effect of each of these factors on national unity, social cohesion, and the building of trust between the participating parties in Yemen's National Dialogue Conference.

المراجع

  1. These included the president ’ s half - brother , Major Ali Saleh al - Ahmar , commander of the Republican Guard ; his brother Major Muhammad Abdullah Saleh , who commanded Central Security ; Major Muhammad Ali Muhsin al - Ahmar , commander of the Air Defense ; Major Muhammad Khaleel , commander of the Fourth Armored Brigade ; Major Saleh al - Zannin , commander of the Second Armored Brigade ; Major Muhammad Nasir Sanhub , commander of the Third Armored Brigade ; Major Ali Muhsin Saleh al - Ahmar , commander of the First Armored Brigade ; Major Abd al - Ilah al - Qadi , commander of the Reinforced Third Infantry Brigade ; Major Abdullah Faraj , commander of the Reinforced 130 th Infantry Brigade ; Major Ahmad Faraj , commander of the Khaled Camp ; Major Muhammad Ismaeel , commander of the Eighth Special Forces Brigade ; Major - Colonel Ahmad Ismaeel Ali Abu Huriya , commander of the 56 th Brigade ; and Major Mahdi Maqula , commander of the First Infantry Brigade. At a later stage , the president ’ s half - brother , Major Muhammad Saleh al - Ahmar , was appointed commander of the air force. See: Muhsin Khasruf , “ The Yemeni Army: its Creation , Evolution , and Pathways for the Future ,” (in Arabic) July 30 ,
  2. International Crisis Group (ICG), “ Yemen ’ s Military - Security Reform: Seeds of New Conflict ?,” Middle East Report N ° 139 , April 4 , 2013: Researcher and Professor of Sociology at the University of Sanaa. Sanaa as this paper goes to print , a process that is expected to last six months. 2012 , al - Jazeera Studies Center: https:// goo. gl / snTd 4 m. https:// goo. gl / vCWeZR.
  3. Khaled Fattah , “ A political History of Civil - Military Relations in Yemen ,” Alternative Politics , Special Issue , January 11 , 2010: https:// goo. gl / ZyG 94 Z. Pact and Reconciliation Document (in Arabic) (Sanaa: al - Thawri publications , January 1994), 23 - 25. The war resulted in the defeat of the southern armed forces and the flight into exile of many Yemeni Socialist Party leaders and other southern secessionists
  4. For further details on the Pact and Reconciliation Document See: The Dialogue between Political Forces for the Building of the Modern Yemeni State , the
  5. The May – July 1994 civil war in Yemen was waged between the armed forces of the former Northern and Southern Yemeni states and their supporters.
  6. Lucas Winter , “ Restructuring Yemen ’ s Military Leadership ,” Foreign Military Studies Office , March 28 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / G 3 kRGa.
  7. Sarah Phillips , Yemen and the Politics of Permanent Crisis , Adelphi Series 51: 420 (Abingdon , Oxon: the International Institute for Strategic Studies , 2011), 10.
  8. Ali , Hamza , “‘ Rebel ’ General Ali Mohsen al Ahmar: Yemen ' s back - up ruler after Saleh ,” The National , March 24 , 2011.
  9. Winter , “ Restructuring Yemen ’ s Military Leadership ,” 10. 25 , 2013: https:// goo. gl / fHDsfP goo.gl/rztMmM, 6
  10. Mohamed Abdah al - Absi , “ Documents of the Ministry of Defense.. What is said to be a national army!,” (in Arabic), Mohamed al - Absi ’ s Blog , December
  11. Knights , Michael , “ The Military Role in Yemen ’ s Protests: Civil - Military Relations in the Tribal Republic ,” Journal of Strategic Studies , 2013: https://
  12. USAID , “ Yemen Corruption Assessment ,” USAID , September 25 , 2006: https://goo.gl/GdUMna, 4.
  13. Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies , “ The Army and Popular Revolution in Yemen ,” Assessment Report Series , April 2011: https:// goo. gl / GdUMna , 2.
  14. Ben Smith , Yemen on the Brink of Civil War ? London: International Affairs and Defence Section , House of Commons , (2011).
  15. ACRPS , “ The Army and Popular Revolution in Yemen ,” 2. that limited confrontation ended with the Eritrean forces taking control over the Island on December 17 , 1995 , and with Yemen resorting to international arbitrage. https:// goo. gl / AhZRPN.
  16. These equipment are weak and outdated , and fell further into disrepair due to the war of 1994 (May 4 - July 7 , 1994) between the northern and southern armies. As a result , the naval and air forces were incapable of averting the attack of Eritrean forces against the Hanish Island , which began on December 15 , 1995 ;
  17. “ The only explanation: ‘ technical mishap ’. The crashing of military airplanes in Yemen is an ongoing show ,” Yemeress , February 19 , 2013:
  18. Iris Glosemeyer , Dancing on Snake Heads in Yemen (Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute , May 2009) 8.
  19. The military men on the list were: Ahmad Ali Abdullah Saleh (commander of the Republican Guard and the special forces), Yahya Muhammad Abdullah Saleh (chief of staff of central security), Tariq Muhammad Abdullah Saleh (commander of the special guard), Ammar Muhammad Abdullah Saleh (director of the national security apparatus), Ali Muhsin Saleh al - Ahmar (commander of the Northwestern region and of the First Armored Division), Ali Saleh al - Ahmar (commander of the air force and of the Sixth Air Force Brigade), Mahdi Maqula (commander of the Southern region), Muhammad Ali Muhsin (commander
  20. Within five days of GCC initiative and its executive mechanism ’ s enactment , the vice - president was to form and chair a military affairs committee during the first transitional phase with the aim of establishing security and stability. This committee worked to guarantee: a) the ending of the division within the armed forces and the treatment of its root causes ; b) an end to all military conflicts ; c) the return of the armed forces and other military formations to their bases , ending the public military presence in the capital and other cities , and the evacuation of all militias and armed and irregular formations from the capital and the other cities ; d) the removal of checkpoints , barrages , and fortifications that were created in all provinces ; e) the rehabilitation of those who do not meet the conditions for service in the armed forces and the security organs ; and f) taking all necessary measures in order to prevent military confrontations in Yemen. The military affairs committee is to establish security and stability throughout the two transitional phases by preparing the conditions for peace and take the necessary steps to integrate the armed forces under the structure of a professional , patriotic , and unified command , within the bounds of the rule of law. of the Eastern region), and Muhammad Abdullah Haidar (commander of the 35 th Armored Brigade).
  21. “ Decisions from the Republic regarding appointment of a commander of the southern military region , and the governor and security director of the province
  22. Mohammed Al - Qadi , “ Hadi reshuffles Yemeni presidential guard ”, Sky News Arabia , August 6 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / wbNVqA. https://goo.gl/occnXC.
  23. “ Almasdar Online Publishes the Yemeni President ' s Decisions is to Unify and Reorganize the Army ” (in Arabic), Almasdar , December 19 , 2012: of Aden ,” (in Arabic), Mareb Press , March 1 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / Ns 76 xN
  24. “ President Hadi turns the page of the Yemeni army ’ s division and issues the " last chapter " of his decisions ” (in Arabic), al - Masdar , April 10 , 2013:
  25. “ Hadi vows to punish those who “ disrupt ” the Gulf initiative ” (in Arabic), Alittihad , November 20 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / bnmcnz December 10 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / 9 hSUCM.
  26. “ The details of the unannounced session when Hadi demanded that the cameras be shut down and directed a threat to Saleh ” (in Arabic), al - Masdar , https:// goo. gl / 5 WgUvR
  27. “ Interview with Brigadier Ali Muhsin al - Ahmar ” (In Arabic), al - Sharq al - Awsat daily (London), issue 12514 , March 3 , 2013.
  28. Hamza Ali , “‘ Rebel ’ General Ali Mohsen al Ahmar: Yemen ' s back - up ruler after Saleh ,” The National , March 24 , 2011. May 18 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / ZCZW 37 , 3.
  29. Atiaf Zaid Alwazir , “ Achieving Long - Term Stability in Yemen: Moving Beyond Counterterrorism ,” Project on Middle East Democracy , Policy Brief ,
  30. ICG , “ Yemen ’ s Military - Security Reform: Seeds of New Conflict ?,” p iii.
  31. “ Sources: tensions in the relationship between the US ambassador and President Saleh ’ s Regime ” (In Arabic), Aden Algad , 4 October 2011: https:// goo. gl / MiwKoy.
  32. “ General al - Harbi announces the details of the plan for the restructuring of the armed forces ,” (in Arabic) Yemenkum electronic newspaper , August 10 , 2012: https:// goo. gl / GaxMzA.
2إجمالي الاستشهادات
0من دوريات المركز
2من مصادر خارجية

مقالات مُستشهِدة من مصادر خارجية (2)

  1. Kerem Türk, Farshid Tavangar (2025) The Palgrave Geopolitical Atlas. Handbooks in Politics and International Relations, 795 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-1507-3_54
  2. Nadwa al-Dawsari, Summer Nasser (2020) Global, Regional, and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis. , 211 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35578-4_14

المصادر: Crossref Cited-by، ومراجع مقالات دوريات المركز (الهوامش وقوائم المراجع)

Cover of العدد 1, Almuntaqa

التنزيلات

PDF (مستضاف) (الإنجليزية)
HTML (الإنجليزية)

منشور

2018-01-01

إحصاءات الاستخدام

42 مشاهدة 88 تنزيل

إصدار

مجلد 1 عدد 001 (2018): العدد 1

القسم

المقالات

الرخصة

الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2018 المنتقى

Creative Commons License

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.