اللامركزية والحوكمة

المؤلفون

  • المؤلف

  • جان بول فاغيت

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31430/rpar6402

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الحكومة المحلية، المساءلة، المنافسة السياسية، عدم الاستقرار، القيود على السلطة، الصحة

الملخص

من أهم الحجج النظرية التي تُساق دفاعًا عن اللامركزية تلك التي تجعل الحكومة مسؤولة أمام المحكومين وأكثر استجابة لاحتياجاتهم. ويُعدّ تحسين الحوكمة مبررًا يستند إليه دعاة الإصلاح في الواقع الحقيقي. وفي حين تركز الأدبيات على النتائج ذات الصلة بالسياسات، مثل التعليم والخدمات الصحية والاستثمار العام والعجز المالي، تبحث هذه الدراسة في كيفية تأثير اللامركزية في الحوكمة، لا سيما فيما يتصل بتعزيز التنافس السياسي، وتحسين المساءلة العامة، والحد من عدم الاستقرار السياسي، وفرض قيود على سلطة الحكومة تقوم على الحوافز، لكنها أيضًا قد تهدد الاستدامة المالية. وهذه التحسينات في الحوكمة يمكنها تحفيز التحولات التاريخية الكبرى في عمليات التنمية.

المراجع

  1. James Manor, The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1999).
  2. Tim Campbell, The Quiet Revolution: The Rise of Political Participation and Leading Cities with Decentralization in Latin America and the Caribbean (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001), p. 2.
  3. يمكن العثور على ملخصات ذات أهمية لهذا الدراسات في: Dennis Rondinelli, Shabbir Cheema & John Nellis, "Decentralization in Developing Countries: A Review of Recent Experience," Working Paper no. 581, World Bank Staff, Washington, DC, 1983; Manor; Daniel Treisman, The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political Decentralization (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Jean- Paul Faguet, Decentralization and Popular Democracy: Governance from Below in Bolivia (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012).
  4. تتضمن بعض الاستثناءات ما يأتي: Pranab Bardhan, "Decentralization of Governance and Development," Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol. 16, no. 4 (2002), pp. 185 - 205; Luiz de Mello & Matias Barenstein, "Fiscal Decentralization and Governance: A Cross-Country Analysis," Working Paper , no. 01/71, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, 2001; Philip Oxhorn, Joseph Tulchin & Andrew Selee, Decentralization, Democratic Governance , and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Asia and Latin America (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2004).
  5. Faguet, Decentralization and Popular Democracy.
  6. Kent Eaton, Kai Kaiser & Paul Smoke, The Political Economy of Decentralization Reforms: Implications for Aid Effectiveness (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2011).
  7. Government of Bolivia, Framework Law of Autonomies and Decentralization (La Paz: Government of Bolivia, 2010).
  8. A. Blair, "Full Text of Blair's Speech: The Full Text of Tony Blair's Speech to the Welsh Assembly," The Guardian , 30/10/2001, accessed on 10/9/2023, at: https://shortly.at/5E0WI
  9. Ahmad Nazeef, "Statement of the Cabinet to the People's Assembly," 19/9/2004.
  10. المقصود هنا الحكم الانتقالي في مصر خلال الفترة شباط/ فبراير -2011 حزيران/ يونيو 2012. (المحرر)
  11. Government of Cambodia, Strategic Framework for Decentralization and Deconcentration Reforms (Phnom Penh: Government of Cambodia, 2005); Leonardo Romeo & Luc Spyckerelle, "Decentralization Reforms and Commune- level Services Delivery in Cambodia," Case Study Submitted at the Workshop on Local Government Pro-Poor Service Delivery, Manila, February 9 - 13, 2004, ADB Conference Paper, December 2003, accessed on 10/10/2023, at: https://tinyurl.com/bdz2wzh2
  12. Deborah Mulumba, Uganda: Country Review of the Framework of Decentralization , IFAD, Office of Evaluation
  13. L.G. Mufioz, A.J. Acosta & L.D. Moreno, Aspectos baasicos de la descentralizacion en Mexico (Mexico City: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal, 2006).
  14. Democratic Decentralization Programming Handbook (Washington, DC: USAID, 2009).
  15. International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD, IFAD' s Performance and Impact in Decentralizing Environments: Experiences from Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda (Rome: 2004).
  16. Yossef Ben-Meir, " Egypt's Second Grassroots Resurgence," Daily News Egypt , 10/10/2012, accessed on 10/9/2023, at: https://tinyurl.com/mt69s423
  17. ينظر على سبيل المثال: Alberto Diaz-Cayeros, Federalism, Fiscal Authority and Centralization in Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006); Faguet, Decentralization and Popular Democracy ; Beatriz Magaloni, Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in Mexico (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006); Vijayendra Rao & Michael Woolcock, "Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches in Program Evaluation," in: F. Bourguignon & L.A. Pereira da Silva (eds.), The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution: Evaluation Techniques and Tools (New York: Oxford University Press; The World Bank, 2003), chap. 8; Kare Remmer & Eric Wibbels, "The Subnational Politics of Economic Adjustment: Provincial Politics and Fiscal Performance in Argentina," Comparative Political Studies , no. 33 (2000), pp. 419 - 451; Rodden; Mahvish Shami, "The Impact of Market Exposure on Public Goods Provision," Working Paper , no. 2010/13, Institute of Food and Resource Economics; Frank‐Borge Wietzke, "Universal Primary Education, Private Schooling, and Interreligious Inequality: Evidence from Madagascar," Manuscript, London School of Economics, 2012.
  18. Ibid.; Democratic Decentralization Programming Handbook.
  19. Jean-Paul Faguet & Fabio Sanchez, "Decentralization's Effects on Educational Outcomes in Bolivia and Colombia," World Development , vol. 36, no. 7 (2008), pp. 1294 - 1316; Manor.
  20. وذلك على الرغم من خضوع القضايا ذات الصلة، مثل المساءلة، لتحليلات مفصلة.
  21. Carlos Gervasoni, "A Rentier Theory of Subnational Regimes: Fiscal Federalism, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in the Argentine Prov­inces," World Politics , vol. 62, no. 2 (2010), pp. 302 - 340.
  22. William Riker, Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance (Boston: Little Brown, 1964), p. 2.
  23. التشديد في الاقتباس من إضافتنا.
  24. 0 3 هذا مجال غني ومتطور، ولمزيد من الاطلاع يشكّل كتاب جيوفاني سارتوري إحدى الكلاسيكيات المهمة في دراسات الأحزاب والنظم الحزبية، ينظر: Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976); يربط أرندت ليبهارت بين النظم الحزبية والقوانين الانتخابية والنظم البرلمانية من جهة، والأداء الحكومي الأوسع من جهة أخرى. ينظر: Arend Lijphart, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
  25. Giovanni Carbone, "Political Parties in a 'No-party Democracy': Hegemony and Opposition under 'Movement Democracy' in Uganda," Party Politics , vol. 9, no. 4 (2003), pp. 485 - 501.
  26. يقول المؤلفون إن مبدأ العادات والأعراف يتضمن انتخاب الأفراد لشغل مناصب قيادية من خلال القانون العرفي في انتخابات غير حزبية، واتخاذ القرارات بوساطة الديمقراطية التشاركية، ومراقبة الامتثال عبر نظام موازٍ (وغير رسمي في أغلب الأحيان) لإنفاذ القانون والعدالة المجتمعية (ص. 10)
  27. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism; on Liberty; Considerations On Representative Government; Remarks on Bentham's Philosophy , G. Williams (ed.) (London: Everyman, 1993).
  28. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, On the Social Contract: With Geneva Manuscript and Political Economy , R.D. Masters (ed.), J.R. Masters (trans.) (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1978 [1762]).
  29. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America , H. Reeve (trans.) (London: Everyman's Library, 1994).
  30. John Joseph Wallis & Wallace Oates, "Decentralization in the Public Sector: An Empirical Study of State and Local Government," in: H. Rosen (ed.), Fiscal Federalism Quantitative Studies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), pp. 5 - 32.
  31. Pranab Bardhan & Dilip Mookherjee (eds.), Decentralization and Local Governance in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective (Cam­bridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006); Pranab Bardhan & Dilip Mookherjee, "Relative Capture of Local and Central Governments: An Essay in the Political Economy of Decentral­ization," Unpublished Paper, University of California, Berkeley, 1999.
  32. Harry Blair, "Participation and Accountability at the Periphery: Democratic Local Governance in Six Countries," World Development , vol. 28, no. 1 (2000), pp. 21 - 39.
  33. Jean Dreze & Amartya Sen, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996).
  34. Re'my Prud'homme, "On the Dangers of Decentralization," World Bank Research Observer , no. 10 (1995), pp. 210 - 226.
  35. Joel Samoff, "Decentralization: The Politics of Interventionism, Development and Change ," vol. 21, no. 3 (1990), pp. 513 - 530; David Slater, "Territorial Power and The Peripheral State: The Issue of Decentralization," Development and Change , vol. 20, no. 3 (1989), pp. 501 - 531.
  36. Brian Smith, Decentralization: The Territorial Dimension of the State (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1985).
  37. Harold Alderman, "Do Local Officials Know Something We Don't? Decentralization of Targeted Transfers in Albania," Journal of Public Economics , vol. 83, no. 3 (2002), pp. 375 - 104; Faguet & Sanchez, pp. 1294 - 1316; Manor.
  38. World Bank, Colombia Local Government Capacity: Beyond Technical Assistance , World Bank Report 14085-C (Washington, DC: 1995).
  39. Emanuela Galasso & Martin Ravallion, "Decentralized Targeting of an Antipoverty Program," Journal of Public Economics , vol. 89, no. 4 (2005), pp. 705 - 727.
  40. للاطلاع على مناقشة بشأن الخصائص الفدرالية في الصين وتأثيراتها المتنوعة، ينظر: S.P. Gupta, Nicholas Stern & Athar Hussain, Development Patterns and Institutional Structures: China and India (New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1995); Gabriella Montinola, Yingyi Qian & Barry Weingast, "Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success," World Politics , vol. 48, no. 1 (1996), pp. 50 - 81.
  41. Mark Jones et al., "Amateur Legislators – Professional Politicians: The Consequences of Party-cen­tered Electoral Rules in a Federal System," American Journal of Political Science , vol. 46, no. 3 (2002), pp. 656 - 669.
  42. ينظر على سبيل المثال: Larry Diamond, Jean Linz & Seymour Martin Lipset, Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 1995); Michael Hechter, Containing Nationalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000); Donald Horowitz, A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
  43. Carles Boix, Democracy and Redistribution (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Adam Przeworski et al., Democracy and Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
  44. Zachary Elkins, Tom Ginsburg & James Melton, The Endurance of National Constitutions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), quoted in: Weingast.
  45. Jean-Paul Faguet, "Governance from Below in Bolivia: A Theory of Local Government with Two Empirical Tests," Latin American Politics & Society , vol. 29, no. 4 (2009), pp. 29 - 68; Faguet, Decentralization and Popular Democracy ; Robert Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); Jennifer Widner, Building the Rule of Law (New York: W.W. Norton, 2001).
  46. ينظر على سبيل المثال: Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
  47. Rodden; Jonathan Rodden, Gunnar Eskeland & Jennie Litvack, Fiscal Decentraliza­tion and the Challenge of Hard Budget Constraints (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).
  48. Prud'homme; Rodden; Rodden, Eskeland & Litvack; Vito Tanzi, "Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization: A Review of Some Efficiency and Macroeconomic Aspects," in: Annual World Bank Confer­ence on Development Economics (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995).
  49. Sebastian Saiegh, "The 'Sub-National' Connection: Legislative Coalitions, Cross-Voting, and Policymaking in Argentina," in: F. Fiorucci & M. Klein (eds.), The Argentine Crisis at the Turn of the Millennium: Causes, Consequences, and Explanations (Amsterdam: Aksant Academic Publishers, 2004), pp. 107 - 126.
  50. Gervasoni, pp. 302 - 340.
  51. Guillermo O'Donnell, "Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies," Journal of Democracy , vol. 9, no. 3 (1998), pp. 112 - 126.
  52. William Dillinger & Steven Webb, "Decentralization and Fiscal Management in Colombia," Policy Research Working Paper , no. 2122, World Bank, 1999.
  53. David Wildasin, "Fiscal Aspects of Evolving Federations: Issues for Policy and Research," Working Paper , no. 1884, World Bank Policy Research, Washington, DC. 1998.
  54. Alfred Montero & David Samuels (eds.), Decentralization and Democracy in Latin America (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2004).
  55. Prud'hom­me; Treisman.
  56. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (London: Everyman, 1991 [1776]).
  57. Friedrich Hayek, A Individualism and Economic Order (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958).
  58. Leonid Hurwicz, "On Informationally Decentralized Systems," in: R. Radner & C. McGuire (eds.), Decision and Organization (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1972), pp. 297 - 336; Leonid Hurwicz, "The Design of Mechanisms for Resource Allocation," American Economic Review , no. 63 (1973), pp. 1 - 30; Leonid Hurwicz, "On the Dimensional Requirements of Informationally Decentralized Pareto-Satisfactory Processes," in: Kenneth Arrow & Leonid Hurwicz (eds.), Studies in Resource Allocation Processes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).
  59. Dilip Mookherjee, "Decentralization, Hierarchies, and Incentives: A Mechanism Design Perspective, Journal of Economic Literature , vol. 44, no. 2 (2006), pp. 367 - 390.
  60. طُرحَت فكرة مماثلة في.Eaton, Kaiser & Smoke:
  61. Douglass North, John Wallis & Barry Weingast, Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
  62. Daron Acemoglu & James Robinson, Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty? (New York: Crown, 2012).
  63. Edwin Brett, Reconstructing Development Theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009); Peter Boone & Jean- Paul Faguet, "Multilateral Aid, Politics and Poverty: Past Failures and Future Challenges," in: R. Grant & J. Nijman (eds.), The Global Crisis in Foreign Aid (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1998).
19إجمالي الاستشهادات
0من دوريات المركز
19من مصادر خارجية

مقالات مُستشهِدة من مصادر خارجية (19)

  1. Fatma Saif Al-Busaidi, Wisal Al Balushi, Zahran Al-Salti, Aqdas Malik, Fadi Shehab Shiyyab, Manaf Al-Okaily (2026) RETRACTED: Evaluating the students’ academic performance in the higher education sector through using social media platforms. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 75(5-6), 1805 https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-04-2024-0205
  2. Mohammad M. Taamneh, Manaf Al-Okaily, Belal Barhem, Abdallah M. Taamneh, Ziyad Saleh Alomari (2026) RETRACTED: Examining the influence of gender equality in HRMP on job performance: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 75(5-6), 2161 https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-11-2023-0457
  3. Manaf Al-Okaily, Ali Tarhini, Ahmad Albloush, Malek Alharafsheh (2026) RETRACTED: Impact of organizational politics on organizational performance: the mediating role of individual performance. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 75(3-4), 1485 https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-10-2023-0392
  4. Manaf Al-Okaily (2025) Artificial intelligence and its applications in the context of accounting and disclosure. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 23(4), 1387 https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2024-0209
  5. Manaf Al-Okaily (2025) ChatGPT as an educational resource for accounting students: expanding the classical TAM model. Education and Information Technologies, 30(12), 16671 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13391-1
  6. Nour Qatawneh, Aws Al-Okaily, Manaf Al-Okaily, Shafique Ur Rehman (2025) Exploring the antecedent factors of continuous intention to use mobile money: insights from emerging markets. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 27(2), 175 https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-04-2024-0080
  7. Aws Al-Okaily, Fadi Shehab Shiyyab, Manaf Al-Okaily, Suaad Jassem, Abeer F. Alkhwaldi, Yousef Alsafadi (2025) Factors influencing mobile wallet apps continuance usage intention: does personal interaction avoidance matter under the COVID-19 pandemic?. International Journal of Law and Management https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-12-2024-0463
  8. Mohammed Jaboob, Abdullah M. Al-Ansi, Manaf Al-Okaily, Marcos Ferasso (2025) Harnessing artificial intelligence for strategic decision-making: the catalyst impact of digital leadership. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-12-2024-0706
  9. Haneen A. Al-khawaja, Abdul Razzak Alshehadeh, Asad Aburub Faisal, Ali Matar, Osaid Hasan Althnaibat (2025) Solutions for Insider Trading and Regulatory Challenges in Financial Governance. Data and Metadata, 4, 680 https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2025680
  10. Manaf Al-Okaily (2025) The antecedents and outcomes of accounting information systems usage: the indirect effect of IT knowledge. Knowledge and Information Systems, 67(5), 4651 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-024-02306-0
  11. Anas Ali Al-Qudah, Manaf Al-Okaily, Miklesh Prasad Prasad Yadav (2025) The growth of FinTech and blockchain technology in developing countries: UAE’s evidence. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 33(2), 383 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-02-2024-0065
  12. Manaf Al-Okaily (2025) The influence of digital disclosure language adoption on decrease financial information asymmetry and increase its quality. Information Discovery and Delivery, 53(3), 356 https://doi.org/10.1108/IDD-03-2024-0045
  13. Ziyad Saleh Alomari, Manaf Al-Okaily, Yousef Alsafadi, Alaa Mansour Odaibat (2025) The nexus between green human resource management practices and sustainable performance: the moderating role of green supply chain management. Discover Sustainability, 6(1) https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01273-y
  14. Manaf Al-Okaily, Fadi Shehab Shiyyab, Nesreen A. Salim, Amer Al-Rahayfeh (2025) The role of AI-enabled health systems in the Jordanian context: the case of digital contact tracing apps. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 39(4), 463 https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-06-2024-0252
  15. Aws Al-Okaily, Manaf Al-Okaily, Ai Ping Teoh (2025) What determines data analytics systems performance in financial engineering? A user perspective. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 55(5), 1148 https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-02-2023-0051
  16. Hanan Al-Ghazo, Manaf Al-Okaily, Aws Al-Okaily, Arwa Al-Anber, Hadeel B. Heilat, Mohammad A. Alissa, Ali A. Alomar, Iman A. Basheti (2024) RETRACTED: Factors affecting telemedicine services adoption in the healthcare sector. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 1 https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-03-2024-0184
  17. Nour Qatawneh, Manaf Al-Okaily, Raghed Alkhasawneh, Abraham Althonayan, Abeer Tarawneh (2024) RETRACTED: The mediating role of e-trust and e-satisfaction in the relationship between e-service quality and e-loyalty toward e-government services. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 1 https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-07-2023-0263
  18. Shafique Ur Rehman, Nour Qatawneh, Aws Al-Okaily, Manaf Al-Okaily, Fadi Shehab Shiyyab, Malek Alsharairi, Ra’ed Masa’deh, Ashraf Bani Mohmmad (2024) RETRACTED: The utility of smart government services apps solutions in the post-pandemic era. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 1 https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-03-2024-0185
  19. Yousef Alsafadi, Manaf Al-Okaily, Aws Al-Okaily, Fadi Shehab Shiyyab (2024) The effects of high-performance work systems on the creativity of a faculty member: a moderated mediated analysis. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-03-2024-0158

المصادر: Crossref Cited-by، ومراجع مقالات دوريات المركز (الهوامش وقوائم المراجع)

غلاف العدد 7 من دورية حِكامة

التنزيلات

PDF (مستضاف)
HTML

منشور

2023-09-01

إحصاءات الاستخدام

39 مشاهدة 75 تنزيل

إصدار

مجلد 4 عدد 007 (2023): العدد 7

القسم

دراسة مترجمة

الرخصة

الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 حِكامة

Creative Commons License

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.