Forecasting the Futures of Medical Practice and their Stakes in the Arab World

Authors

  • Author

  • Editorial Board

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31430/zkkg9135

Keywords:

Medicine, Automation, Telemedicine, Medical Practice

Abstract

This study sheds light on the most important future aspects of the work of medical frameworks, and examines the effects of health digitization on the practice of doctors and health workers. It highlights how advances based on automation, nanotechnology, biotechnology, big data, cognitive sciences, and artificial intelligence pose huge challenges for the future of human work in medicine and healthcare, whether in its nature, pace, or environment, and how all these future influences lead to a main conclusion, which is the need to work from today on making labor markets and education and training systems adapt to these profound transformations, with reference to Arab contexts and their employment within it.

References

  1. Sumant Ugalmugle & Rupali Swain, Digital Health Market Industry Analysis Report: Regional Outlook, Application Potential, Price Trends, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2020 - 2026 (Selbyville, DE: Global Market Insights, 2020).
  2. Henrik R. Wulff, "Classification of Diseases," in: Henrik R. Wulff, Rational Diagnosis and Treatment: An Introduction to Clinical Decision-making (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1981).
  3. Leonardo M. Fabbri & Roberto Ferrari, "Chronic Disease in the Elderly: Back to the Future of Internal Medicine," Breathe, vol. 3, no. 1 (September 2006), pp. 41-49.
  4. Robin L. Smith & Max Gomez, Cells are the New Cure: The Cutting-Edge Medical Breakthroughs that are Transforming our Health (Dallas, TX: BenBella Books, 2017).
  5. بخصوص الأدوية النانوية، من المهم التوضيح أنه عندما يُعط ى المريض دواء ما، لعلاج السرطان على سبيل المثال، فإنه يتوزع في جميع أنحاء الجسم، ولذا يمكن أن يسبّب التسمم في الأعضاء أو الأنسجة السليمة أيضًا من دون تمييز. وبناء عليه، يعاني المرضى المعالَجون بالعلاج الكيميائي (Chemotherapy) في بعض الأحيان آثارًا جانبية قاسية جدًا. ولذلك من شأن تكنولوجيا النانو أن تجعل من الممكن تغليف الدواء ومعالجته بطريقة انتقائية جدًا للورم المراد علاجه، بهدف التقليل من السمّية (Toxicity) في الأعضاء المستهدفة، وتحسين فاعلية الدواء، وزيادة كميات الجرعات التي يمكن تناولها؛ لأنها حينئذ تصبح أقلّ خطورة على الكائن الحي. وعلى نحو غير مباشر، نكتسب أيضًا من خلال هذا الفاعلية العلاجية؛ أي إن استخدام تكنولوجيا النانو في الأدوية (أو الأدوية النانوية) يسمح أيضًا - على نحوٍ غير مباشر - باكتساب فاعلية علاجية أفضل من الأدوية التقليدية. ينظر: Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta & Debasis Nayak (eds.), Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine: Research Advancements and Future Perspectives (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/ Taylor & Francis, 2020).
  6. Patrick Boisseau & Bertrand Loubaton, "Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology in Medicine," Comptes Rendus Physique, vol. 12, no. 7 (September 2011).
  7. PricewaterhouseCoopers, Global Top Health Industry Issues 2021: Innovation Fuelled by Digital Capabilities (London: PwC, 2021), p. 6.
  8. Ibid. أ. أثر الواقع الافتراضي في مستقبل الطب ب. أثر الواقع المعزز في مستقبل الطب
  9. Brent A. Ponce, "Emerging Technology in Surgical Education: Combining Real-Time Augmented Reality and Wearable Computing Devices," Orthopedics, vol. 37, no. 11 (November 2014), pp. 751-757; ‪Mahesh B. Shenai et al., "Virtual Interactive Presence and Augmented Reality (VIPAR) for Remote Surgical Assistance," Neurosurgery, vol. 68 (2011), pp. 200-207.
  10. Brian Hilbush, In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology will Create the Medicines of the Future (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2021); Lei Xing, Maryellen L. Giger & James K. Min (eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Technical Basis and Clinical Applications (London: Elsevier, 2021).
  11. Glen De Vries & Jeremy Blachman, The Patient Equation: The Data-Driven Future of Precision Medicine and the Business of Health Care (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2020).
  12. Evan Shellshear, Michael Tremeer & Cameron Bean, "Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Neural Networks," in: Manda Raz, Tam C. Nguyen & Erwin Loh (eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Applications, Limitations and Future Directions (Singapore: Nature Springer, 2022), pp. 35-50.
  13. Pooria Mostafalu et al., "Smart Bandages: Smart Bandage for Monitoring and Treatment of Chronic Wounds," Small, vol. 14, no. 33 (August 2018).
  14. Mike Silver, "Smart Bandages Designed to Monitor and Tailor Treatment for Chronic Wounds," Tufts Now, 6/7/2018, accessed on 27/7/2022, at: https://bit.ly/3zyOMdY المصدر: Kris A. Wetterstrand, "The Cost of Sequencing a Human Genome," Fact Sheets, National Human Genome Research Institute, 1/11/2021, accessed on 21/7/2022, at: https://bit.ly/2JHdHlK
  15. Geoffrey Boulton, "Jisc Futures: The Digital Revolution and the Future of Science," Times Higher Education, 3/7/2017, accessed on 27/7/2022, at: https://bit.ly/3zdnfNO
  16. Kris A. Wetterstrand, "The Cost of Sequencing a Human Genome," Fact Sheets, National Human Genome Research Institute, 1/11/2021, accessed on 21/7/2022, at: https://bit.ly/2JHdHlK
  17. Alice Maria Giania et al., "Long Walk to Genomics: History and Current Approaches to Genome Sequencing and Assembly," Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, vol. 18 (2020), pp. 9-19.
  18. Rare Disease Day," National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), 1/7/2019, accessed on 1/12/2022, at: https://bit.ly/3B1oT6V
  19. Hilbush, pp. 160 and following.
  20. Bec Crew, "Worth the Cost? A Closer Look at the da Vinci Robot's Impact on Prostate Cancer Surgery," Nature Index, 22/4/2020, accessed on 7/7/2022, at: https://go.nature.com/3z3BWCY
  21. World Health Organization, Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: WHO Guidance (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021).
  22. Mary K. Wakefield et al., The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2021).
  23. Lenny George, "Is IoT in Healthcare Worth the Hype?" Linkedin, 24/9/2019, accessed on 14/7/2022, at: https:// bit.ly/3Bnntok
  24. ينظر في ذلك مثلًالدراسات الوبائية المرجعية لطبيبة الأطفال الأميركية باربرا ستارفيلد، التي كانت من بين أهم دعاة تعميم الرعاية الصحية الأولية في جميع أرجاء العالم: Barbara Starfield, Concept, Evaluation and Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Barbara Starfield, Primary Care: Balancing Health Needs, Services, and Technology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Luis Rajmil & Barbara Starfield, "Inequalities in Child Health," in: Moving Forward Equity in Health: Monitoring Social Determinants of Health and the Reduction of Health Inequalities (Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy of Spain, 2010), pp. 32-36.
  25. Jessica A. Bell & Jennifer B. Nuzzo, Global Health Security Index: Advancing Collective Action and Accountability Amid Global Crisis (Washington, DC: Nuclear Threat Initiative, 2021), pp. 22-23.
  26. The United Nations, "High-Level Thematic Debate on Digital Cooperation and Connectivity: Whole-of- Society Responses to End the Digital Divide," Summary of the President of the General Assembly, 27/4/2021, accessed on 27/7/2022, at: https://bit.ly/3PX6pJF
  27. Nomy Dickman & Barbara Schuster (eds.), Active Education for Future Doctors (Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2020).
  28. أسامة أبو الرب، "مستقبل العالم والمنطقة العربية: قراءة في واقع سياسات البحث العلمي الدولية والعربية في مجال اللقاحات ومستقبلاتها"، في: استشراف للدراسات المستقبلية، الكتاب السنوي السادس: استشراف تحولات العلوم والتكنولوجيا: بوابة العرب إلى المستقبل (الدوحة/ بيروت: المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات، 2021)، ص.159-132
  29. Philip Henson et al., "Deriving a Practical Framework for the Evaluation of Health Apps," Lancet Digit Health, vol. 1, no. 2 (2019), pp. 52-54. المستويات الخمسة لهذا الدليل التقييمي؛ هي: 1. المعلومات الأساسية، 2. السرية والأمان، 3. الفائدة الطبية، 4. سهولة الاستخدام، 5. تكامل البيانات.
غلاف العدد 7 من دورية استشراف

Downloads

PDF (Hosted in Arabic)
HTML (Arabic)

Published

2022-07-01

Article dates

Received: June 1, 2022 Revised: July 1, 2022 Accepted: August 15, 2022

Usage statistics

32 views 60 downloads

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 007 (2022): Issue 007

Section

Studies

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Istishraf for Future Studies

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.