المعرفة الاستعمارية

المؤلفون

  • المؤلف

  • توني بالَنتاين

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12816/0029913

الكلمات المفتاحية:

المعرفة الاستعمارية، الاستشراق، الثقافة، التابع، المقاومة، الذاتية

الملخص

يناقش بالَنتاين في هذه المقالة، كيف تحوّل الهم المعرفي الاستعماري من كونه حكرًا على علماء الاقتصاد والمؤرخين، ليطاول أعمال علماء الأنثروبولوجيا وعلماء الاجتماع وغيرهم من باحثي العلوم الإنسانية. وضمن هذا السياق، تتبوّأ الثقافة مكانة متنامية ودورًا متعاظمًا في الدراسات الاستعمارية وما بعد الاستعمارية. ويرى بالَنتاين أن كتاب الاستشراق لإدوارد سعيد أساسي لفهم المعرفة كشكل من أشكال السلطة. وكان كلٌّ من ميشيل فوكو وإدوارد سعيد أول من أشار إلى ضرورة دراسة التابع في الدراسات الاستعمارية، فلم يعد باحثو الدراسات الاستعمارية يركّزون على دور النخب، بل أبدوا، وبصورة متنامية، اهتمامًا بتجارب المهمّشين من أجل فهم أشكال المقاومة، أو السلطة من الأسفل.

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