الذكورة المهيمنة: إعادةُ نظرٍ في المفهوم

المؤلفون

  • مؤلفون

  • ر. و. كونيل
  • جيمس و. ميسِرشميت

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31430/ohsn1110

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الذكورة، الهيمنة، الجندر، السلطة الاجتماعية، الفاعلية، التجسيد، العولمة

الملخص

ترجمة: ثائر ديب كان لمفهوم الذكورة المهيمنة أثره في دراسات الجندر في عديدٍ من الحقول الأكاديمية، لكنه كان أيضًا محل انتقاد جدّي. يقتفي صاحبا هذا البحث أصل المفهوم في مجموعة من الأفكار تعود إلى أوائل ثمانينيات القرن العشرين، ويرسمان خريطة للطرائق التي طُبِّق بها حين اتّسع البحث في الرجال والذكورة. وإذ يقوّم الباحثان الانتقادات الرئيسة، فإنّهما يدافعان عن مفهوم الذكورة الأساسي الذي لا يجدانه مشيّئًا ولا جوهرانيًا في معظم الاستخدامات البحثية. لكن انتقاد نماذج الجندر القائمة على السِّمات وانتقاد التنميطات الجامدة يبقيان صائبين. ويمكن الارتقاء بتناول الذات في البحوث المعنية بالذكورة المهيمنة بعونٍ من النماذج النفسية الحديثة، على الرغم من ضرورة الاعتراف بحدود المرونة الخطابية. ليس مفهوم الذكورة المهيمنة نموذجًا من نماذج إعادة الإنتاج الاجتماعية؛ ونحن في حاجة إلى أن نعترف بالصراعات الاجتماعية التي تؤثّر فيها ضروب الذكورة الخاضعة في الضروب المسيطرة. أخيرًا، يستعرض الباحثان ما ثبت من الصيغ الباكرة (فكرة ضروب الذكورة المتعددة، ومفهوم الهيمنة، والإلحاح على التغيير) وما يجب التخلص منه (المعالجة الأحادية البُعد للتراتب، وتصورات الجندر القائمة على السمات). ويقترحان إعادة صوغ المفهوم في أربعة مجالات: نموذج أكثر تعقيدًا للتراتب الجندري يلحّ على فاعلية النساء، واعتراف صريح بجغرافيا ضروب الذكورة يشدد على التفاعل بين المستويات المحلية والإقليمية والعالمية، ومعالجة أكثر تحديدًا للتجسيد في سياقات الامتياز والقوة، وإلحاح أقوى على ديناميات الذكورة المهيمنة يعترف بالتناقضات الداخلية وإمكانات التحرك في اتجاه الديمقراطية الجندرية.

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