الإنتاج العسكري - الأمني واقتصاد الحرب في سياق الاستعمار الاستيطاني الإسرائيلي

المؤلفون

  • المؤلف

  • طارق دعنا المؤلف المسؤول

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31430/zbgx6314

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الاستعمار الاستيطاني، الإنتاج العسكري - الأمني، الصهيونية، اقتصاد الحرب، إسرائيل

الملخص

تشرح الدراسة العلاقة العضوية بين التطور في مجال الإنتاج العسكري - الأمني الإسرائيلي وبنية الاستعمار الاستيطاني في فلسطين. وتجادل بأن بنية الاستعمار الاستيطاني الإسرائيلي تنمو وتتوسع استنادًا إلى اقتصاد الحرب، الذي لا يشكّل أحد مرتكزات مفهوم القوة في الأيديولوجيا الصهيونية فحسب، وإنما أيضًا أداة مركزية في تشكّل الدولة والمجتمع في إسرائيل. وتسلط الضوء على ممارسات إسرائيل التي تعمل على تحويل الفلسطينيين إلى حقل تجارب لاختبار أسلحتها؛ ما يخدم اقتصاد الحرب من خلال التصدير إلى الخارج. وتدّعي أن حقيقة غياب المتروبول في حالة إسرائيل – خلافًا للتجارب الاستعمارية الاستيطانية الكلاسيكية - جعلتها تعوض ذلك بنيويًا بعلاقتها الزبونية مع المركز الإمبريالي الغربي في مجال الدعم العسكري، خاصة الأميركي، وتعتمد على دبلوماسية السلاح من أجل تطبيع نفسها في النظام الإقليمي والدولي.

المراجع

  1. Uri Ben–Eliezer, The Making of Israeli Militarism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), p. 66.
  2. عزمي بشارة، "عزمي بشارة... في راهنية النكبة وفي قضية فلسطين عربيًا"، يوتيوب، 2021/5/22، شوهد في 2021/11/24، في: https://bit.ly/3nfVAqz
  3. Pieter D. Wezeman et al., "Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2019," SIPRI Fact Sheet, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (March 2020), p. 5.
  4. Yaakov Katz & Amir Bohbot, The Weapon Wizards: How Israel Became a High–Tech Military Superpower (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2017).
  5. Ann Laura Stoler & Frederick Cooper, "Between Metropole and Colony: Rethinking a Research Agenda," in: Frederick Cooper & Ann Laura Stoler (eds.), Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), pp. 1–56.
  6. Philip Dwyer & Amanda Nettelbeck (eds.), Violence, Colonialism and Empire in the Modern World (Berlin: Springer,
  7. Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
  8. Laleh Khalili, Time in The Shadows: Confinement in Counterinsurgencies (Palo Alto: Standford University Press, 2012), p. 14.
  9. Elia Zureik, Israel’s Colonial Project in Palestine: Brutal Pursuit, Routledge Studies on the Arab–Israeli Conflict (New York: Routledge, 2015), pp. 103–106; Christian Parenti, The Soft Cage: Surveillance in America From Slavery to the War on Terror (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
  10. Ze’ev Jabotinsky, "'The Iron Wall,' Original in Russian, Razsviet, 4.11.1923," Jabotinsky , 4/11/1923, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3osQEy0
  11. Ben–Eliezer, p. 66.
  12. Baruch Kimmerling, "Patterns of Militarism in Israel," European Journal of Sociology , vol. 34, no. 2 (1993), p. 199.
  13. Max M. Mutschler & Marius Bales, "Global Militarization Index 2019," Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/38DgyI6
  14. Ori Swed & John Sibley Butler, "Military Capital in the Israeli Hi–tech Industry," Armed Forces & Society , vol. 41, no. 1 (2015), pp. 123–141.
  15. Elia Zureik, David Lyon & Yasmeen Abu–Laban (eds), Surveillance and Control in Israel/ Palestine: Population, Territory and Power , Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics 33 (London: Routledge, 2010).
  16. Noam Chomsky & Ilan Pappé, On Palestine (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015).
  17. "Public Law 110–429," Naval Vessel Transfer Authority, 15/10/2008, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3tcLLty
  18. Jeff Halper, War Against the People: Israel, the Palestinians and Global Pacification (London: Pluto Press, 2015), p. 56.
  19. Shir Hever, The Privatization of Israeli Security (London: Pluto Press, 2017), p. 8.
  20. Erella Grassiani, "Between Security and Military Identities: The Case of Israeli Security Experts," Security Dialogue , vol. 49, no. 1–2 (2018), pp. 83–95.
  21. Ettay Nevo, "The Science behind Israel’s Fight for Independence," Davidson Institute for Science Education, 17/4/2018, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://cutt.ly/0zXi7Jy
  22. Stacy Perman, Spies, Inc. Business Innovation from Israel’s Masters of Espionage (New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2010), p. 52.
  23. Ephraim Kahana, Historical Dictionary of Israeli Intelligence (Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 2006), p. 216.
  24. Ibid.; Perman, p. 95.
  25. Stuart A. Cohen, Israel and its Army: From Cohesion to Confusion (London: Routledge, 2008), p. 91.
  26. Farah Naaz, "Israel’s Arms Industry," Strategic Analysis , vol. 23, no. 12 (2000), pp. 2077–2087.
  27. Alex Mintz & Michael D. Ward, "The Political Economy of Military Spending in Israel," The American Political Science Review , vol. 83, no. 2 (1989), p. 532.
  28. Alex Mintz, "Military–industrial Linkages in Israel," Armed Forces & Society , vol. 12, no. 1 (1985), p. 11.
  29. Mintz & Ward, p. 523.
  30. Moti Bassok, "Israel Shells Out Almost a Fifth of National Budget on Defense, Figures Show," Haaretz , 14/2/2013, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3r4mR1y
  31. Alex Mintz, "The Military–industrial Complex: American Concepts and Israeli Realities," Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol. 29, no. 4 (1985), pp. 623–639.
  32. Dan Peled, "Defense R&D and Economic Growth in Israel: A Research Agenda," Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology (March 2001), pp. 3–27.
  33. Yehuda Gradus, Eran Razin & Shaul Krakover, The Industrial Geography of Israel (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 103.
  34. "Lockheed Martin Israel," Lockheed Martin , accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://lmt.co/2RykmVt
  35. "Building the Future Together: Boeing in Israel," Boeing, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3wKMyoO
  36. United States, Comptroller General of the United States, U.S. Assistance to the State of Israel (Washington: 1983), pp. 42–44, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3HktouJ
  37. Tova Cohen & Steven Scheer, "Israel Approves $4 Billion Privatization Plan for Next Three Years," Reuters , 5/10/2014, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://reut.rs/3toDVNU
  38. Jeremy M. Sharp, "U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel," Congressional Research Service (16 November 2020), pp. 1–42.
  39. William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions: American Policy Toward the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1967–1976 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), p. 106.
  40. Clyde R. Mark, "Israel: US Foreign Assistance: CRS Issue Brief for Congress Updated," The Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, vol. 26 (2005), p. 13.
  41. Helena Cobban, "The US–Israeli Relationship in the Reagan Era," Journal of Conflict Studies , vol. 9, no. 2 (1989), pp. 5–7.
  42. "Fact Sheet: Memorandum of Understanding Reached with Israel," Press Release , White House: Office of the Press Secretary, 14/9/2016, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/30W8scB
  43. Peter Beinart, "Why Doesn’t Obama Use Military Aid Package to Israel as leverage?" Haaretz , 8/9/2016, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://cutt.ly/qzCCfxT
  44. Kenneth Jacobson, "The United States, Israel, and the Middle East," The American Jewish Year Book , vol. 90 (1990), p. 255.
  45. Shir Hever, "Israel’s Security Industry as a Business Model: Conflict–Management Industry," in: Saul Takahashi (ed.), Human Rights, Human Security, and State Security: The Intersection , vol. 3 (Oxford: Praeger, 2014), p. 199.
  46. "Statement to the Convention on Conventional Weapons Meeting of High Contracting Parties," Government of Israel, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3oBW2Pg
  47. Neil Davison, "A legal Perspective: Autonomous Weapon Systems under International Humanitarian Law," UN–iLibrary, 30/11/2017, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3HjAyPU
  48. "Autonomous Weapons that Kill Must be Banned, Insists UN Chief," UN News , 25/3/2019, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3mYZbaZ
  49. United Nations, Human Rights Council, Joint Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association and the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial , Summary or Arbitrary Executions on the Proper Management of Assemblies (New York: 4/2/2016), p. 15.
  50. "Autonomous Weapons: An Open Letter from AI Robotics Researchers," International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence , Future of Life Institute, 28/7/2015, accessed on 19/4/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3n0NFvv
  51. Bradley Jay Strawser et al., Opposing Perspectives on the Drone Debate (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 1–18.
  52. Katz & Bohbot, p. 103.
  53. Lisa Hajjar, "Is Targeted Killing War?" in: Strawser et al., pp. 21–29.
  54. Eyal Weizman, Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation (Brooklyn: Verso Books, 2012), p. 241.
  55. "The Israeli Arsenal Deployed Against Gaza during Operation Cast Lead," Journal of Palestine Studies , vol. 38, no. 3 (Spring 2009), p. 178.
  56. Defense for Children International Palestine, Operation Protective Edge: A War Waged on Gaza’s Children (Ramallah: 2015), accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3DPwRiQ
  57. Shuki Sadeh, "For Israeli Arms Makers, Gaza War is a Cash Cow," Haaretz , 11/8/2014, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://cutt.ly/2zNFIax
  58. "Israel Weapon Industry (iwi) (n.d.a)," Israel Weapon Industry (IWI), accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3Cmxq1O
  59. Michael Pick, "Forget the Uzi: Meet Israel’s Deadly Tavor Assault Rifle," The National Interest , 21/11/2018, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3FijoAl
  60. "Six Months On: Gaza’s Great March of Return," Amnesty International, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/3FxE7R1
  61. "iwi Launches 7.62X51mm tavor Bullpup Rifle Family," Israel Weapon Industry (IWI), accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://bit.ly/30vAUlH
  62. Bishara Bahbah & Linda Butler, Israel and Latin America: The Military Connection (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1986), p. 63.
  63. Sasha Polakow–Suransky, The Unspoken Alliance: Israel’s Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa (New York: Vintage Books, 2011).
  64. "Israel is Arming Criminals," Haaretz , 27/9/2017, accessed on 24/11/2021, at: https://cutt.ly/1zN2Awl
1إجمالي الاستشهادات
1من دوريات المركز
0من مصادر خارجية

مقالات مُستشهِدة من دوريات المركز العربي (1)

  1. (2025) مختبر فلسطين: كيف تصدّر إسرائيل تقنيات الاحتلال إلى العالم. سياسات عربية https://doi.org/10.31430/FBAU5060

المصادر: Crossref Cited-by، ومراجع مقالات دوريات المركز (الهوامش وقوائم المراجع)

غلاف العدد 39 من دورية عمران

التنزيلات

PDF (مستضاف)
HTML

منشور

2022-01-01

تواريخ المقالة

الاستلام: يونيو 7, 2021 التعديل: أكتوبر 7, 2021 القبول: نوفمبر 11, 2021

إحصاءات الاستخدام

41 مشاهدة 60 تنزيل

إصدار

مجلد 10 عدد 039 (2022): العدد 39

القسم

دراسات

الرخصة

الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2022 عمران للعلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية

Creative Commons License

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.