الانتماء القبلي في وقتنا الراهن: التداعيات والتحولات

المؤلفون

  • المؤلف

  • ديل إيكلمان

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12816/0040998

الكلمات المفتاحية:

جاك بيرك، التقليد والحداثة، العصبية، القرابة، القبيلة

الملخص

تؤثّر القبيلة والعشيرة والعائلة الممتدة، سواء إيجابًا أو سلبًا، وبشكل صريح أو بشكل ضمني، في البنى الاجتماعية في البلاد والمناطق التي تشكل جزءًا منها. سنحدد المجالات والقضايا قصد القيام بفحص عميق للمنظومة القبلية، وتقديم أمثلة من الشرق الأوسط ومن مجتمعات أخرى تؤثّر فيها القبيلة في النظامين السياسي والاجتماعي، إن بشكل كبير أم بشكل أحادي. إن مفاهيم القبيلة وأنساب علية القوم المتداولة بين العامة، التي يُنظر إليها أحيانًا بوصفها بقايا أنظمة اجتماعية بائدة فقدت مكانتها، قد تكيفت مع الظروف الاجتماعية الحديثة، وترتبت عليها آثار بعيدة المدى.

المراجع

  1. Jacques Berque, "Qu’est-ce qu’une ‘tribu’ nord-africaine?," dans: Jacques Berque, Maghreb, histoire et sociétés , sociologie nouvelle. Situations; 7 (Gembloux: Duculot; Alger: Société nationale d’édition et de diffusion (S.N.E.D.), 1974), pp. 22-47 [orig. 1954], et Ernest Renan, Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?: Conférence faite en Sorbonne, le 11 Mars 1882 (Paris: Calman-Lévy, 1882).
  2. Yoav Alon, The Shaykh of Shaykhs: Mithqal al-Fayiz and Tribal Leadership in Modern Jordan (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2016).
  3. انظر مثلً: Allen James Fromherz, Ibn Khaldun: Life and Times (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010).
  4. Abd Ar-Rahman bin Muhammed Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History , Translated from the Arabic by Franz Rosenthal, Bollingen Series; 43, 3 vols., 2 nd ed., with corrections and augmented bibliography (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967), pp. 249-355.
  5. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations , Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1953).
  6. "Hirsh: Rice Admits Error on Iraq," Newsweek (7 November 2007), Accessed on 27/11/2016, at: http://www. newsweek.com/hirsh-rice-admits-error-iraq-96493.
  7. Amatzia Baram, "Neo-Tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussein’s Tribal Policies, 1991-1996," International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol. 29, no. 1 (February 1997), pp. 1-31.
  8. Dawn Chatty, "The Bedouin in Contemporary Syria: The Persistence of Tribal Authority and Control," Middle East Journal , vol. 64, no. 1 (December 2010), p. 49.
  9. Ibid., pp. 46 and 49.
  10. John Davis, Libyan Politics: Tribe and Revolution, an Account of the Zuwaya and their Government (London: I. B. Tauris, 1987), and Emrys L. Peters, The Bedouin of Cyrenaica: Studies in Personal and Corporate Power , Edited by Jack Goody and Emanuel Marx, Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology; 72 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
  11. I. M. Lewis, "Kin II-Sung in Somalia: The End of Tribalism?," in: William A. Shack and Percy S. Cohen (eds.), Politics in Leadership: A Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979), pp. 13-44.
  12. Dale F. Eickelman, "Culture and Identity in the Middle East: How they Influence Governance," in: Neyla Arnas (ed.), Fighting Chance: Global Trends and Shocks in the National Security Environment (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2009), p. 157.
  13. "As Potent as Ever: Iraq’s Tribes May Hold the Balance of Power," Economist , 22/5/2010, pp. 50-51.
  14. سلطنة عمان، المرشد العام للولايات والقبائل في سلطنة عمان، إعداد وتصنيف عادل الحديدي (مسقط: وزارة الداخلية،
  15. Andrew Shryock, Nationalism and the Genealogical Imagination: Oral History and Textual Authority in Tribal Jordan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), pp. 101-110.
  16. Paul Dresch, "The Significance of the Course Events Take in Segmentary Systems," American Ethnologist , vol. 13, no. 2 (May 1986), p. 319.
  17. Paul Dresch and Bernard Haykel, "Stereotypes and Political Styles: Islamists and Tribesfolk in Yemen," International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol. 27, no. 4 (November 1995), pp. 424-426.
  18. أماتزيا بارام، قنوات الاتصال الشخصي، 9 تشرين الأول/ أكتوبر 2009.
  19. أماتزيا بارام، قنوات الاتصال الشخصي، 13 تشرين الأول/ أكتوبر 2009.
  20. لمزيد من التفصيلات، انظر: Dale F. Eickelman, "Les Tribus et les mouvements islamiques en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen Orient," dans: Hosham Dawod (dir.), La Constante tribu: Variations arabo-musulmanes, quaero (Paris: Demopolis; Fondation maison des sciences de l’homme (FMSH), 2013), pp. 36-47.
  21. أندرو شرايوك، قنوات الاتصال الشخصي، 11 تشرين الأول/ أكتوبر 2009.
  22. Hosham Dawod, "Tribus et pouvoirs en Iraq: De Saddam Hussein au général Petraeus," dans: Dawod (dir.), pp. Alon, Yoav. The Shaykh of Shaykhs: Mithqal al-Fayiz and Tribal Leadership in Modern Jordan. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2016. Arnas, Neyla (ed.). Fighting Chance: Global Trends and Shocks in the National Security Environment. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2009. Berque, Jacques. Maghreb, histoire et sociétés. Sociologie nouvelle. Situations; 7. Gembloux: Duculot; Alger: Société nationale d’édition et de diffusion (S.N.E.D.), 1974. Davis, John. Libyan Politics: Tribe and Revolution, an Account of the Zuwaya and their Government. London: I. B. Tauris, 1987. Dawod, Hosham (dir.). La Constante tribu: Variations arabo-musulmanes. Quaero Paris: Demopolis; Fondation maison des sciences de l’homme (FMSH), 2013.
  23. Richard Tapper, "Introduction," in: Richard Tapper (ed.), The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan (London: Croom Helm, 1983), pp. 70-71 et 74-75.
  24. Gene R. Garthwaite, "Reimagined Internal Frontiers: Tribes and Nationalism - Bakhtiyari and Kurds," in: Dale F. Eickelman (ed.), Russia's Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in Cross-Cultural Analysis (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993), pp. 130-145.
  25. Nadav Samin: Of Sand or Soil: Genealogy and Tribal Belonging in Saudi Arabia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015), and "Da'wa, Dynasty, and Destiny in the Arab Gulf," Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol. 58, no. 4 (October 2016), pp. 935-954. Eickelman, Dale F. (ed.). Russia’s Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in Cross-Cultural Analysis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. Fromherz, Allen James. Ibn Khaldun: Life and Times. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Ibn Khaldun, Abd Ar-Rahman bin Muhammed. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Translated from the Arabic by Franz Rosenthal. Bollingen Series; 43. 3 vols. 2 nd ed., with corrections and augmented bibliography. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967. Peters, Emrys L. The Bedouin of Cyrenaica: Studies in Personal and Corporate Power. Edited by Jack Goody and Emanuel Marx. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology; 72. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Renan, Ernest. Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?: Conférence faite en Sorbonne, le 11 Mars 1882. Paris: Calman-Lévy, 1882. Samin, Nadav. Of Sand or Soil: Genealogy and Tribal Belonging in Saudi Arabia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. Shack, William A. and Percy S. Cohen (eds.). Politics in Leadership: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Shryock, Andrew. Nationalism and the Genealogical Imagination: Oral History and Textual Authority in Tribal Jordan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Tapper, Richard (ed.). The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan. London: Croom Helm, 1983. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1953. Baram, Amatzia. "Neo-Tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussein’s Tribal Policies, 1991- 1996." International Journal of Middle East Studies. Vol. 29, no. 1 (February 1997), pp. 1-31. Chatty, Dawn. "The Bedouin in Contemporary Syria: The Persistence of Tribal Authority and Control." Middle East Journal. Vol. 64, no. 1 (December 2010), pp. Dresch, Paul. "The Significance of the Course Events Take in Segmentary Systems." American Ethnologist. Vol. 13, no. 2 (May 1986), pp. 309-324. ______ and Bernard Haykel. "Stereotypes and Political Styles: Islamists and Tribesfolk in Yemen." International Journal of Middle East Studies. Vol. 27, no. 4 (November 1995), pp. 405-431. Samin, Nadav. "Daʿwa, Dynasty, and Destiny in the Arab Gulf." Comparative Studies in Society and History. Vol. 58, no. 4 (October 2016), pp. 935-954.
1إجمالي الاستشهادات
0من دوريات المركز
1من مصادر خارجية

مقالات مُستشهِدة من مصادر خارجية (1)

  1. Abdulla Al-Etaibi (2022) Transnational Identity and Foreign Policy: Tribal Identity and the Gulf Crisis. Journal of Arabian Studies, 12(1), 84 https://doi.org/10.1080/21534764.2022.2225669

المصادر: Crossref Cited-by، ومراجع مقالات دوريات المركز (الهوامش وقوائم المراجع)

غلاف العدد 19 من دورية عمران

التنزيلات

PDF (مستضاف)
HTML

منشور

2017-01-01

إحصاءات الاستخدام

38 مشاهدة 51 تنزيل

إصدار

مجلد 5 عدد 019 (2017): العدد 19

القسم

محور العدد

الرخصة

الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2017 عمران للعلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية

Creative Commons License

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.