كتابة مقالات الرأي في الصحف اللبنانية: سبات الحياة العامة للأكاديميين العرب
Writing Op-eds in Lebanese Newspapers: The Relative Demise of Public Life of Arab Academics
الملخّص
تهدف هذه المقالة إلى دراسة مساهمة الأكاديميين (ولاسيما في لبنان) في كتابة مقالات الرأي في الصحف اللبنانية، متسائلة: لماذا يكتب الأكاديميون مقالات رأي في الصحف؟ ما حجم مساهمة الأكاديميين؟ هل يعزز رأيهم وجهة نظر الصحف أم يقيم توازنًا مع وجهة النظر هذه؟ في أي نوع من القضايا يكتب الأكاديميون؟ ما دور المحررين في صفحات الرأي؟ تتكون منهجية هذه الدراسة من مرحلتين. مرحلة اختيار عينة عشوائية منتظمة لتحديد حجم مساهمة الأكاديميين في صفحات الرأي، مقارنة بفئات أخرى من الكتاب ومرحلة التحليل النوعي، من عيّنة أوسع. وبيّنت الدراسة أن هناك قلة فقط من الأكاديميين المهتمين بالكتابة في الصحف، على الرغم من أنها تبدو طريقة مباشرة للمشاركة في النقاش العام. وقد حاولت تفسير هذا التردد بتناول عوامل لها علاقة بعدم اعتراف نظام الترقية في الجامعات بمثل هذه الأشكال من المشاركة المجتمعية، وأسباب ذاتية تتعلق بالأكاديمي.
Abstract
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- مقالات الرأي
- الصحف اللبنانية
- نظام الترقية في الجامعات
- الوسط الإعلامي
- Op-eds
- Lebanese Newspapers
- Media Environment
- Public Sphere
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(1) Hannah Arendt, «Understanding and Politics,» Partisan Review , vol. 20, no. 4 (July-August 1953), p. 392.
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(4) Alan Lightman, «The Role of the Public Intellectual,» (Mit Communication Forum, 2008), on the Web: <http://web. mit.edu/comm-forum/papers/lightman.html>. (5) Nadia Marzouki, «Théorie et engagement chez Edward Saïd,» Mouvements , nos. 33-34 (2004), on the Web: <www. cairn.info/revue-mouvements-2004-3-page-162.htm>.
دراﺳﺎت ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﺮأي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ - ﺳﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟ& ﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب
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(6) <http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Lifestyle/2013/Sep-13/231063-bats-blood-hair-removal-potion-or-old-wives- tale.ashx#ixzz2f2GhaXR9>.
<http //:www.dailystar.com.lb /News /Lebanon -News /2013 /Sep -13/231091 -the -dark -side -of -gambling. ashx#ixzz2f2HH8goK>. (8) Agnès Favier, «Logiques de l’engagement et modes de contestation au Liban Genèse et éclatement d’une génération de militants intellectuels (1958-1975),» (Thèse de doctorat en Science politique, Universite Paul Cezanne – Aix Marseille III, 2004), p. 8.
Ì}biëÌwdeTj==}_UÐUn_UÐpd[Y¯nhIénZhYAÐ}UÐinfdUÐædhaUÐoT{bU. ënfdUphRnbUÐpegeUn=nðhLíènfw_U
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Michel Chiha, Politique interieure , publications de la fondation Michel Chiha (Beyrouth: Editions du Trident, 1980), Cite par: Favier, «Logiques de l’engagement et modes de contestation au Liban». (9) Yasmine T. Dabbous, «Media with a Mission: Why Fairness and Balance Are Not Priorities in Lebanon’s Journalistic Codes,» International Journal of Communication , vol. 4 (2010), p. 721. (10) Dima Sensenig-Dabbous, «Media Versus Society in Lebanon: Schizophrenia in an Age of Globalization,» Media Development , vol. 47, no. 3 (2000). (11) Nabil H. Dajani, Disoriented Media in a Fragmented Society: The Lebanese Experience (Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1992), p. 11. (12) Elias Sakr, «Experts Lament Bias of Lebanese Media,» Daily Star , 9/6/2008. (13) Dabbous, «Media with a Mission,» and Sensenig-Dabbous, «Media Versus Society in Lebanon».
اﻟﻌﺪد ٩ / ٣
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Issam Fares Institute, «Public Policy and Research in the Arab World: Pre and Post Uprising.» (Report of the First Meeting of the CAPRI (Consortium of Arab Policy Research Institutes), Issam Fares Institute, Beirut, 2011).
Sari Hana ¿ , «Donor Community and the Market of Research Production: Framing and De-Framing the Social Sciences». in: Michael Burawoy et al. (Eds.) Facing an Unequal World: Challenges from Sociology. Vol III (International Association of Sociology, 2010), pp. 3-35.
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(21) Gilles Drouin, «Science et Médias: Un Mariage réussi,» Le Magazine de l'Université du Québec , vol. 30, no. 2
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(October 1998), on the Web: <http://www.uquebec.ca/mag/mag98_10/report.html>.
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(24) Carol Jenkins, «Voices too Often Missing in op-ed Land: Women’s,» Christian Science Monitor (16 July 2008).
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Anna Temkina and Elena Zdravomyslova, «Gender's Crooked Path: Feminism Confronts Russian Patriarchy,» in: Burawoy, ed., p. 110. (30) Guy J. Golan, «Editorials, Op-ed Columns Frame Medical Marijuana Debate,» Newspaper Research Journal , vol. 31 no. 3 (Summer 2010).
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Marwan Bishara, «Notes from the Field: A Roundtable: Writing International Development: The Op - Ed Page,» Signs , vol. 29, no. 2 (Winter 2004). (32) Michel Wieviorka, «Sociology's Interventions: Engaging the Media and Politics while Remaining a Social Scientist,» in: Burawoy, ed,.p.103.
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(34) Gérard Mauger, «La Participation des sociologues au débat public sur l’insécurité,» Histoire@Politique: Politique, culture, société , no. 14 (Mai-Août 2011), on the Web: <www.histoire-politique.fr>.
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(37) Wieviorka, «Sociology's Interventions.» (38) Enzo Traverso, Où sont passés les intellectuels?: Conversation avec Régis Meyran , Conversations pour demain (Paris: Textuel, 2013).
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Pénélope Larzillière: «Political Commitment under an Authoritarian Regime: Professional Associations and the Islamist Movement as Alternative Arenas in Jordan,» International Journal of Con À ict and 9 iolence , vol. 6, no 1 (2012), and La Jordanie contestataire: Militants islamistes, nationalistes et communistes , la bibliothèque arabe. L’Actuel (Arles:
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(42) Chibli Mallat, «Saving the Special Tribunal for Lebanon from Failure: A Response to Jamil al-Sayyed and Antonio Cassese,» Daily Star , 8/10/2009.
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(44) Mallat, «Saving the Special Tribunal for Lebanon from Failure.»
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(46) Jamil Al-Sayyed, «Exercising the Right of Reply: General Sayyed’s response to Chibli Mallat», Daily Star , 22/10/
(47) Mallat, «Saving the Special Tribunal for Lebanon from Failure».
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(48) Rodríguez-Garavito, «Amphibious sociology». (49) Wieviorka, p. 100. (50) Rodríguez-Garavito, p. 23.
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(51) Sari Hana ¿ , Rigas Arvanitis and Justine Baer, «Internationalization of Science in Lebanon – The American University of Beirut – A Case Study,» in: Michael Kuhn and Kazumi Okamoto, eds., Spatial Social Thought: Local Knowledge in Global Science Encounters (Stuttgart: Ibidem Press, 2013), and Adel Selmi, «L’Emergence d’un champ scienti ¿ que: L’Ethnosociologie et la sociologie en Tunisie (1881-1970),» Gradhiva: Revue d’histoire et d’archives de l’anthropologie , vol. 29, no. 43 (2001). (52) Jacques Gaillard, V. V. Krishna and Roland Waast, eds., Scienti ¿ c Communities in the Developing World (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1997). (53) Karl von Holdt, «Critical Engagement in Fields of Power: Cycles of Sociological Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa,» in: Burawoy, ed., p. 51. (54) Nandini Sundar, «In Times of Civil War: On Being a Schizophrenic (Public) Sociologist,» in: Burawoy, ed., p. 36. (55) Rodríguez-Garavito, p. 24.
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Michael Burawoy, «Precarious Engagements: From Bourdieu to Public Sociology,» in: Burawoy, ed., Precarious Engagements. (58) Sundar, p. 39. (59) Bishara, «Notes from the Field». (60) Hana ¿ , Arvanitis and Baer, «Internationalization of Science in Lebanon».
دراﺳﺎت ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﺮأي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ - ﺳﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟ& ﻛﺎدﻳﻤﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب
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(61) Sundar, p. 38. (62) Temkina and Zdravomyslova, p. 110.
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.Favier, «Logiques de l’engagement et modes de contestation au Liban»
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(66) Nicolas Dot-Pouillard, «Boire j Hamra: Une jeunesse nostalgique j Beyrouth " ,» dans: Laurent Bonnefoy et Myriam Catusse, dirs., Jeunesses arabes: Du Maroc au Yémen: Loisirs, cultures et politiques , préface de François Burgat, cahiers libres (Paris: La Découverte, 2013), p. 131.
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