The State’s Development Tasks and Market Control via Industrial Policy

Authors

  • Author

  • Taher H. Kanaan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12816/0027570

Keywords:

Market Economy, Privatization, Neo-Liberal Policies, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank

Abstract

Kanaan reviews the vision that economic theory offers for the role of the state, whereby sustainable development defines the goals of economic policy. His paper shows how both the views of thinkers in the field of economics, and the economic policies pursued by states have been subject to change, and how over the past decades these have alternated between contradictory trends. It then examines how practical experience registered by high-performance economies, especially in East Asia, has proven the fallibility of neo-liberal policies. The basis of the Washington Consenus (the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the US Treasury Department) sought to promote, among countries aspiring to escape poverty and underdevelopment, a specific policy. In promoting the replacement of state policies with others more slanted toward control of the market, the Washington Consensus problematically strived to remedy deficiencies in market performance, through optimization of the distribution of development tasks to public and private sectors, and to the shared public-private domain.

References

  1. الأدوات العشر ل صإإاح هي: (1) لانضباط في المالية العامة، لمعالجة العجز المالي المتفاقم الذي يدخل البلد المأزوم في مشكات تضخّم الأسعار واختال ميزان المدفوعات الخارجية وتعميق الفقر لدى الطبقات الفقيرة؛ (2) إعادة ترتيب أولويات الإنفاق العام، بالتركيز على أبواب الإنفاق الحافزة على النموّ لاقتصادي ومعالجة مشكات الفقراء، وبخفض المعونات غير المبرَّرة وتوجيه أموالها إلى الخدمات الأساسية، من العناية الطبية والتعليم والبنى التحتية، مع مراعاة ألا يقع عبء لانضباط المالي على خفض الإنفاق بل على التوازن بين زيادة الإيرادات وخفض النفقات؛ (3) الإصاح الضريبي، بتوسيع قاعدة الضريبة مع زيادات معتدلة في معدلات الضرائب؛ (4) تحرير معدلات الفوائد على الإقراض، وهنا يبدي وليامسون الندم بسبب عدم توضيحه ضرورة عدم لاستعجال في وتيرة هذا التحرير لنسق التمويل، وضرورة إخضاع العملية للرقابة الحصيفة؛ (5) إقرار معدل الصرف للعملة الوطنية عند المستوى الذي يضمن القدرة التنافسية؛ (6) تحرير التجارة الخارجية؛ (7) تحرير دخول لاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر، وهنا يصرّ وليامسون على أن التحرير الكامل لحركة رؤوس الأموال (حساب رأس المال) لم يكن ضمن التوافق؛ (8) الخصخصة؛ (9) التخلص من الأنظمة المقيدة لحرية النشاط لاقتصادي deregulation))؛ (10) ضمان حقوق الملكية.
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Vol. 4 No. 016 (2016): Issue 016

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