توجهات السياسة الخارجية الأميركية نحو غزة بعد عام 2007

المؤلفون

  • المؤلف

  • أسامة أبو ارشيد

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الولايات المتحدة، غزة، حماس

الملخص

​ترصد هذه الدراسة توجهات السياسة الخارجية الأميركية نحو قطاع غزة بعد عام 2007. وتنقسم إلى سبعة محاور، يناقش الأول الإطار العام للمقاربة الأميركية للصراع العربي - الإسرائيلي، ويبحث الثاني في المعضلة التي مثلها قطاع غزة ضمن الإطار نفسه، ويركز الثالث على الدور الذي أدته إدارة الرئيس الأميركي، جورج بوش في خلق معضلة غزة، ويفكك الرابع مخطط الانق باا على حركة المقاومة الإس مااية "حماس"، ويرصد الخامس محاولات عزل قطاع غزة وتهميشه، ويحلل السادس والسابع مكانة قطاع غزة في إدارتي الرئيسين الأميركيين، باراك أوباما، ودونالد ترامب، على التوالي. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن قطاع غزة يمثل معضلة أميركية، كما هو معضلة إسرائيلية، ولكن هذه المعضلة نتاج سياسات أميركية سيئة ومنحازة، إلى حد بعيد، كما أنها مجرد عارض من عوارض المشروع الصهيوني في فلسطين المحتلة، وبما لا يبرئ الحصار المصري الرسمي على قطاع غزة من الأزمة الطاحنة التي يعيشها.

السيرة الشخصية للمؤلف

  • أسامة أبو ارشيد
    باحث، المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات.

المراجع

  1. Bureau of Counterterrorism, "Foreign Terrorist Organizations", U.S. Department of State, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2Qgw8QC
  2. Peace to Prosperity: A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People", The White House, 28/1/2020, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3goo36U
  3. Office of the Press Secretary, "Letter from President Bush to Prime Minister Sharon", The White House, 14/4/2004, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3hrSPNt
  4. Remarks by President Trump and Prime Minister Netanyahu of Israel in Joint Press Conference", The White House, 15/2/2017, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/31qv96J
  5. اتفاقية أوسلو (ناا المبادئ حول ترتيبات الحكومة الذاتية الفلسطينية إع)، 1993/9/13 "، وكالة الأنباء والمعلومات الفلسطينية - وفا، شوهد في 2020/8/31، في: https://bit.ly/2Eeqts1
  6. Peter Waldman & Hugh Pope, "'Crusade' Reference Reinforces Fears War on Terrorism is Against Muslims", The Wall Street Journal , 21/9/2001, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://on.wsj.com/2CTkAj1
  7. Tamara Cofman Wittes, "The New U.S. Proposal for a Greater Middle East Initiative: An Evaluation", Brookings, Middle East Memo , 10/5/2004, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://brook.gs/2YudskC
  8. Avi Shlaim, "Blair: Gaza's Great Betrayer", The Guardian , 3/2/2010, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3guz7PP
  9. Bakhtiyar Mirkasymov, "The US Greater Middle East Initiative", Policy Perspectives , vol. 4, no. 2 (2007), p. 1, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3aU3fmL
  10. President Bush Calls for New Palestinian Leadership", The White House, 24/6/2002, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3aU0W34
  11. Bureau of Public Affairs, "Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East: Israeli/Palestinian Reciprocal Action, Quartet Support", U.S. Department of State, 16/7/2003, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2QmbFdi
  12. Office of the Press Secretary, "Letter from President Bush to Prime Minister Sharon."
  13. Shira Efron & Ilan Goldenberg, "United States Policy toward the Gaza Strip", in: Anat Kurz, Udi Dekel & Benedetta Berti (eds.), The Crisis of the Gaza Strip: A Way Out (Tel Aviv: Institute for Security Studies, 2018), p. 166, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/32oSHbt
  14. القانون الأساسي الفلسطيني"، الجزيرة نت، 2007/7/18، شوهد في 2020/8/31، ف:ي https://bit.ly/3gqxsuO
  15. Efron & Goldenberg.
  16. John B. Judis, "Clueless in Gaza: New Evidence that Bush Undermined a Two-state Solution", The New Republic , 19/2/2013, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/31ot2jE
  17. David Rose, "The Gaza Bombshell", Vanity Fair , 3/3/2008, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3laY3zA
  18. Hady Amr et al., "Ending Gaza's Perpetual Crisis: A New U.S. Approach", Brookings, Report (December 2018), accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://brook.gs/31pgDw0
  19. Efron & Goldenberg.
  20. Helene Cooper, "Few Good Options for U.S. on Palestinian Violence", The New York Times , 14/6/2007, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://nyti.ms/2EprLAd
  21. Conal Urquhart, "Iran Replaces EU as Top Palestinian Donor", The Guardian , 15/1/2007, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/31p2qPB
  22. Elliott Abrams, Tested by Zion: The Bush Administration and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
  23. Efron & Goldenberg.
  24. Efron & Goldenberg.
  25. US Says it will not Deal with PA Gov't", Ynetnews , 18/3/2007, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/34vHDvY
  26. Efron & Goldenberg.
  27. Kathleen Christison, "The Siren Song of Elliott Abrams", The Counter Punch , 26/7/2007, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3hsmhTx
  28. The President's Speech in Cairo: A New Beginning", The White House, 4/6/2009, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2YtIqcX
  29. Efron & Goldenberg.
  30. Michael Martinez, "Rival Fatah, Hamas Movements Reach Unity Deal", CNN , 28/4/2011, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://cnn.it/2YYQx1b
  31. Josh Rogin, "29 Senators: No U.S. Aid for a Palestinian Unity Government", Foreign Policy , 6/5/2011, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3aSYeL1
  32. Lesley Wroughton & Patricia Zengerle, "Obama Administration to Work with Palestinian Unity Government", Reuters , 2/6/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://reut.rs/3lcckfj
  33. Ernesto Londoño & Michael Birnbaum, "After Israel, Hamas Reach Gaza Cease-fire, Both Sides Claim Victory", The Washington Post , 21/11/2012, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://wapo.st/3jdErJw
  34. Office of the Press Secretary, "Remarks by the President on Foreign Policy", The White House, 16/7/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2Qpmx9W
  35. Raphael Ahren, "Obama, in Call with Netanyahu, Offers to Mediate Ceasefire", Times of Israel , 11/7/2014 , accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3gsazXZ
  36. Dana Bash & Tom Cohen, "Congress Approves more Money for Israel's Iron Dome", CNN , 3/8/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://cnn.it/32jtcIB
  37. Office of the Press Secretary, "Statement by the President on the Situation in Ukraine and Gaza", The White House, 21/7/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3hr3dVX
  38. Michael R. Gordon, "Even Gaza Truce is Hard to Win, Kerry is Finding", The New York Times , 27/7/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://nyti.ms/2CTXeK7
  39. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Mohammed Stayyeh Offer Insights on Both Sides of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict", CNN , 27/7/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://cnn.it/2FUTdX9
  40. آمال رسلان، "وزير الخارجية عقب مباحثاته مع كيري: لا تعديل في المبادرة المصرية "، اليوم السابع، 2014/7/22، شوهد في 2020/8/31، في: https://bit.ly/2EBjCbB
  41. Benny Avni, "Kerry's Ceasefire Pivot Angers Egypt, Israel - Even the Palestinian Authority", Newsweek , 28/7/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/34qD5H7
  42. Josh Rogin & Eli Lake, "Inside the Kerry-Israel Meltdown", The Daily Beast , 29/7/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3gqU0eP
  43. John Kerry, "Statement on Today's Cease-fire Agreement", U.S. Department of State, 26/8/2014, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/32qiq36
  44. Activities of Hamas and other Militant Groups in Gaza – GA Draft Resolution", The United Nations, 29/11/2018, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2YuF3lX
  45. Readout of the Meeting Between President Donald J. Trump and President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority", The White House, 3/5/2017, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/31uwtFT
  46. Remarks by President Trump and Prime Minister Netanyahu of Israel in Joint Press Conference", The White House, 15/2/2017, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2CW1tF3
  47. Tracy Wilkinson & Alexandra Zavis, "White House Backs Away from Two-state Solution in Israeli-Palestinian Conflict", Los Angeles Times , 14/2/2017, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://lat.ms/34ygKHx
  48. Efron & Goldenberg.
  49. James Oliphant, "White House Hosts Meeting on Gaza Crisis without Palestinians Present", Reuters , 14/3/2018, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://reut.rs/3hqJ9mF
  50. Trump: Israel will Pay 'Higher Price' for His Jerusalem Recognition", Ynetnews , 22/8/2018, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3jeRx90
  51. أسامة أبو ارشيد، "'حق العودة' في دائرة الاستهداف الأميركي"، العربي الجديد، 2018/8/31، شوهد في 2020/8/31، في: https://bit.ly/3aRnC43
  52. Trump: Israel will Pay 'Higher Price' for his Jerusalem recognition."
  53. U.S. Envoy Haley Questions Palestinian Refugee Numbers", Reuters , 28/8/2018, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://reut.rs/31sL0BT
  54. Jay Sekulow, "UNRWA has Changed the Definition of Refugee", Foreign Policy , 17/8/2018, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2Qp9J3s
  55. Secretary Michael R. Pompeo Remarks to the Press", U.S. Department of State, 18/11/2019, accessed on 21/11/2019, at: https://bit.ly/338Kk26
  56. Karen DeYoung, Ruth Eglash & Hazem Balousha, "U.S. Ends Aid to United Nations Agency Supporting Palestinian Refugees", The Washington Post , 1/9/2018, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://wapo.st/3jgm7PB
  57. Secretary Michael R. Pompeo Remarks to the Press", U.S. Department of State, 18/11/2019, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://bit.ly/32gu8x6
  58. Peace to Prosperity", p. 3.
  59. Nicole Gaouette & Elise Labott, "Trump Backs off Two-state Framework for Israeli-Palestinian Deal", CNN , 16/2/2017, accessed on 31/8/2020, at: https://cnn.it/32rcdUR
  60. Peace to Prosperity", p. 2.

التنزيلات

منشور

2020-07-01

إحصاءات الاستخدام

41 مشاهدة 51 تنزيل