طريق الحرير الجديد في الاستراتيجية الصينية: الأهداف الكبرى، والوزن الاستراتيجي، والتحديات
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الحزام والطريق، الصين، النظام العالميالملخص
تركز الدراسة على مبادرة الحزام والطريق، بوصفها مبادرة استراتيجية تهدف إلى ربط الصين بباقي دول العالم وقاراته، على نحو يجعلها تقع في مركز الثقل الاقتصادي والسياسي في العالم. وتستعرض أهم بنود المبادرة، والأهداف الاستراتيجية للصين من وراء طرحها، ووزنها الاستراتيجي في النظام العالمي. وتعمل على تحليل أهم التحديات التي تواجهها وتفسيرها، مع التركيز على المواقف تجاهها، وإدراكات القوى الدولية لها، ومن أهمها الولايات المتحدة الأميركية وروسيا واليابان والهند والاتحاد الأوروبي. كما تركز على تحديات تنفيذ المشروع، وخاصة التحديات الداخلية في الصين، ومن أهمها تمويل المبادرة، وضعف الحوكمة، وتعقيد البيروقراطية الصينية.المراجع
- جوناثان فلتن، "حزام واحد وطريق واحدة ومجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية"، في: مروان قبلان (محرر)، العرب والصين: مستقبل العلاقة مع قوة صاعدة (الدوحة/ بيروت: المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات،.)2019
- Richard Ghiasy & Jiayi Zhou, "The Silk Road Economic Belt: Considering Implications and EU-China Cooperation Prospects," Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (February 2017), pp. xii, 2.
- Helen Chin & Winnie He, "The Belt and Road Initiative: 65 Countries and Beyond," Fung Business Intelligence Centre (May 2016), p. 2.
- Justyna Szczudlik-Tatar, "China's New Silk Road Diplomacy," The Polish Institute of International Affairs, Policy Paper , no. 34 (82) (December 2013), p. 2.
- Balázs Sárvári & Anna Szeidovitz, "The Political Economics of the New Silk Road," Baltic Journal of European Studies , vol. 6, no. 1 (2016), pp. 3-22.
- Žarko Koboevi ć , Željko Kurtela & Sr đ an Vuji č i ć , "The Maritime Silk Road and China's Belt and Road Initiative," NAŠE MORE: Znanstveni Č asopis Za More I Pomorstvo , vol. 65, no. 2 (2018), p. 114.
- Julan Du & Yifei Zhang, "Does One Belt One Road Strategy Promote Chinese Overseas Direct Investment?" China Economic Review , vol. 47 (2018), pp. 189-205.
- Harinder Kohli, "Looking at China's Belt and Road Initiative from the Central Asian Perspective," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economics , vol. 9, no. 1-3 (2018), p. 3.
- Justyna Misi ą giewicz & Marcin Misi ą giewicz, "China's 'One Belt, One Road' Initiative: The Perspective of the European Union," Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K-Politologia , vol. 23, no. 1 (2016), p. 34.
- Du & Zhang, p. 2.
- The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road," Fung Business Intelligence Center (May 2015), accessed on 30/4/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2WcYRrT
- Misi ą giewicz & Misi ą giewicz, p. 34.
- Building the Belt and Road: Concept, Practice and China's Contribution," Office of the Leading Group for the Belt and Road Initiative (May 2017), pp. 3-6, accessed on 30/4/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2KIt64T
- Fernanda Ilhéu, "New Silk Road: Trade and Investment. Perspectives for EU and New Partnerships," Center for African and Development Studies, Working Papers , no. 145 (2016), p. 6.
- Joel Wuthnow, "Securing China's Belt and Road Initiative: Dimensions and Implications: Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on 'China's Belt and Road Initiative: Five Years Later'," U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 25/1/2018, p. 2, accessed on 30/4/2020, at: https://bit.ly/3cZanhu
- Jingdong Yuan, "Power Transition and Beijing's Japan Policy Under Xi Jinping," The Japan Institute of International Affairs, Policy Brief , 28/9/2018, p. 4.
- Koboevi ć , Kurtela & Vuji č i ć , p. 114.
- Chris Devonshire-Ellis, "China's Belt & Road Initiative In The Pacific Islands," Silk Road Briefing , 23/5/2019, accessed on 30/4/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2VQ6iXm
- Michael Fleet, "China's Belt and Road Initiative: Harnessing Opportunities for Canada," in: Cracks in the Liberal International Order: 2018 Global Trends Report (Waterloo: Balsillie School of International Affairs, 2017), pp. 95-96.
- Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21 st -Century Maritime Silk Road," National Development and Reform Commission, and Foreign Ministry and Ministry of Commerce, with approval by the State Council (March 2015).
- Paulo Duarte, "China's One Belt One Road: Which Impacts on Regional and Global Integration?" IAPSS World Congress, 5/4/2017, p. 8.
- Simeon Djankov, "The Rationale Behind China's Belt and Road Initiative," in: Simeon Djankov & Sean Miner (eds.), "China's Belt and Road Initiative: Motives, Scope, and Challenges," Peterson Institute for International Economics, PIIE Briefing (March 2016), p. 8.
- Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China, delivered at the Opening Ceremony of The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, 14 May 2017.
- Michael Clarke, "The Belt and Road Initiative: Exploring Beijing's Motivations and Challenges for its New Silk Road," Strategic Analysis , vol. 42, no. 2 (March 2018), p. 91.
- Misi ą giewicz & Misi ą giewicz, p. 36.
- Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China, delivered at the Opening Ceremony of The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, April 2019.
- Misi ą giewicz & Misi ą giewicz, p. 36.
- Yiping Huang, "Understanding China's Belt & Road Initiative: Motivation, Framework and Assessment," China Economic Review , vol. 40 (2016), p. 315.
- منطقة الإيغور الغربية المستقلة تعاني تراجعًا في النمو مقارنة بالشاطئ، وعلى مدار التاريخ، لم تتمتع هذه المنطقة بعلاقات إيجابية مع القيادة الصينية وشهدت توترات اجتماعية وصلت إلى تهديدات أمنية.
- Henelito A. Sevilla, "China's New Silk Route Initiative: Political and Economic Implications for the Middle East and Southeast Asia," Asian Journal of Middle East and Islamic Studies , vol. 11, no. 1 (2017), pp. 84-86.
- Misi ą giewicz & Misi ą giewicz, p. 34.
- Huang, pp. 314-315.
- Leonard K. Cheng, "Three Questions on China's "Belt and Road Initiative," China Economic Review , vol. 40 (2016), p. 310.
- Djankov & Miner, p. 6.
- Stephan Barisitz & Alice Radzyner, "The New Silk Road, Part I: A Stocktaking and Economic Assessment," Oesterreichische National Bank (Austrian Central Bank), no. Q3/17 (2017), p. 9, accessed on 9/5/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2YNRKZW
- Sárvári & Szeidovitz, p. 5.
- Zhexin Zhang, "The Belt and Road Initiative: China's New Geopolitical Strategy?" Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (German Institute for International and Security Affairs), Research Division Asia, Working Papers (October 2018), p. 3.
- الدول الأعضاء في منظمة شنغهاي: الصين وكازاخستان وقرغيزستان وروسيا وطاجكستان وأوزبكستان والهند وباكستان.
- Sean Miner, "Economic and Political Implications," in: Djankov & Miner (eds), p. 13.
- Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road," p. 10.
- Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China, delivered at the Opening Ceremony of The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, 14 May 2017.
- Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China, delivered at the Opening Ceremony of The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, April 2019.
- Sevilla, pp. 84-86.
- Pádraig Murphy, "The Silk Road, XXI Century'One Belt One Road'," The Institute of International and European Affairs, 24/3/2016, p. 5.
- Gal Luft, "Silk Road 2.0: A US Strategy toward China's One Belt, One Road Initiative," Atlantic Council, Strategy Paper , no. 11 (October 2017), pp. 15-17, accessed on 9/5/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2WIKLir
- Prabhat Shukla, "Understanding the Chinese One-Belt-One-Road," Vivekananda International Foundation, Occasional Paper (August 2015).
- محمد حمشي، "التقارب المراوغ: هل تقوض مبادرة الحزام والطريق الفناء الخلفي لروسيا؟"، السياسة الدولية، ملحق تحولات استراتيجية، العدد 214 (تشرين الأول/ أكتوبر 2018)، ص 15-14.
- Ketian Zhang, "A View from the United States," The Asian Forum , 30/4/2019, accessed on 9/5/2020, at: https://bit.ly/2WIwWAj
- Keith Johnson, "Why is China Buying up Europe's Ports: State-Owned Port Operators are the Aggressive Leading Edge of Beijing's Massive Belt and Road Project," Foreign Policy , 2/2/2018.
- Michel Rose, "China's New 'Silk Road' Cannot be One Way, France's Macron Say's," Reuters , 8/1/2018, accessed on 10/4/2018, at: https://reut.rs/2zp7LL8
- Chen Xin & He Zhigao (eds.), 16+1 Cooperation and China-EU Relationship (Budapest: China-CEE Institute, 2018), pp. 122-125.
- سعيد عبد الرزاق، "التنين الصيني 'سيد' طريق الحرير الجديد"، الشرق الأوسط، 2017/5/20، شوهد في 2018/4/10، في: https://bit.ly/2yFEBrh
- Barisitz & Radzyner, p. 13.
- Peter Wolff, "China's 'Belt and Road' Initiative: Challenges and Opportunities," Report Prepared for the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Asian Development Bank, German Development Institute (Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik) (2016), p. 12.
- Barisitz & Radzyner, p. 13.
- Barisitz & Radzyner, p. 14.
التنزيلات
منشور
2020-09-01
إحصاءات الاستخدام
57 مشاهدة 63 تنزيل
إصدار
القسم
دراسات
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2020 Mohamed Metawe (Author)

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.