The Pivotal Nature of Geography and Control over the Eastern Gateway to the West: Ukraine as Focus of Conflict

Authors

  • Author

  • Emad Y. Kaddorah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12816/0007099

Keywords:

Eastern Gateway, European Partnership, Geography

Abstract

Ukraine occupies a highly sensitive position between Russia and the Nato-member states because it is currently the main buffer state between them and also occupies more than half the extent of the eastern gateway to Europe, via which threats to Europe have passed throughout history. The continuation of European and Nato actions to incorporate and form partnerships with other states aims to curtail Russian influence in this region and reinforce control over it. Russia, deeply disturbed at the encroachment of Western influence to its wider immediate neighborhood, cannot abandon Ukraine to become part of the West's security and economic order. For, in addition to Russian nationalist feeling for Ukraine, it is part of its "special interest zone" and the final strategic stronghold buffering it from the West and its allies. The global tensions caused by the Ukraine crisis and the threat it poses to relations between two major global actors call for a discussion over the wider context to Ukraine's place in Western and Russian strategic thinking.

Author Biography

  • Emad Y. Kaddorah
    باحث ومحرر أول في المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات.

References

  1. Steven Woehrel, “Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy,” Congressional Research Service , May 8, 2014, p. 1, at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/ RL33460.pdf
  2. Francis P. Sempa, Geopolitics: From the Cold War to the 21st Century (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2002), p. 5.
  3. Klaus Dodds, Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 4.
  4. Mackubin Thomas Owens, “In Defense of Classical Geopolitics,” Naval War College Review vol. LII, no. 4 (Autumn 1999), p. 60, at: http://goo.gl/ H00A3m
  5. Halford J. Mackinder, “The Geographical Pivot of History,” The Geographical Journal vol. XXIII, no. 4 (April 1904), p. 427.
  6. Ibid., pp. 431 and 436.
  7. Halford J. Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction (New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 1919),
  8. Halford J. Mackinder, “The Round World and the Winning of the Peace,” Foreign Affairs , vol. 21, no. 4 (July 1943), p. 603.
  9. Ibid., pp. 601 and 604.
  10. Nicholas J. Spykman, The Geography of the Peace (New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1943), p. 45.
  11. Christopher J. Fettweis, “Sir Halford Mackinder, Geopolitics, and Policymaking in the 21st Century,” Parameters (Summer 2000), at: http:// goo.gl/d1PlEJ
  12. By “X” (George F. Kennan), “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs (July 1947), at: http://goo.gl/QXNM
  13. NATO, “NATO Enlargement,” at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/ topics_49212.htm
  14. الاتحاد الأوروبي وأوكرانيا وقعا الشق السياسي من اتفاق الشراكة"، الحياة، 21 آذار/ مارس.2014
  15. “ Petro Poroshenko Vows to Restore Peace,” The Economist , May 26, http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2014/05/ 2014, at: ukraines-election-0
  16. الاتحاد الأوروبي وأوكرانيا وقعا الشق السياسي من اتفاق الشراكة."
  17. John Berryman, “Geopolitics and Russian Foreign Policy,” International Politics (July 2012), pp. 531-532.
  18. Ibid, p. 531 and 538.
  19. Berryman, pp. 539-540.
  20. Bill French, “A Bad Move: Further NATO Expansion,” The National Interest , March 2, 2014, at: http://nationalinterest.org/feature/bad-move- further-nato-expansion-10350
  21. Frederick S. Dunn, “Introduction,” in Nicholas J. Spykman, p. xi.
  22. Berryman, p. 540.
  23. Woehrel, p. 7. ملاحظات: تمت إضافة الخطين الوهميين كي يشرا إلى المنطقة الواقعة بين البحر الأسود وبحر البلطيق، المُتصوَّرة بوصفها مدخلً أو بوابةً نحو الغرب
  24. Berryman, pp. 539-540.
  25. Michael O’Hanlon, “NATO After Crimea: How the Alliance Can Still Deter Russia,” Foreign Affairs , April 17, 2014, at: http://www.foreignaffairs. com/articles/141227/michael-ohanlon/nato-after-crimea
  26. “ Ukraine,” World Facts and Figures, at: http://www.worldfactsandfigures. com/countries/ukraine.php
3Total citations
0From ACRPS journals
3External sources

Citing articles from external sources (3)

  1. سرمد عبد الستار أمين, حنين جاسم علي (2024) مأزق روسيا الجيوبوليتيكي والطروحات الفكرية لألكسندر دوغين المعالجة له. مجلة كلية القانون والعلوم السياسية, 275 https://doi.org/10.61279/xdj6d924
  2. Assist. Lecurer. Husam Mohammed Khudhair, Assist. Prof. Dr. Saleem Gata'a Ali (2023) The Russian-Ukrainian Relations after 2014. The International and Political Journal, 277 https://doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i56.254
  3. Jamal Mohammed Ameen Hussein (2020) The Ukrainian crisis and its geopolitical impact on the Russia-Western relations during the period 2013-2018. Halabja University Journal, 5(1), 208 https://doi.org/10.32410/huj-10268

Sources: Crossref Cited-by, and the references (notes and reference lists) of the Center's own articles

Published

2014-07-01

Usage statistics

45 views 52 downloads

Issue

Section

Studies and Analytical Papers