The Limitations of US Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East
Keywords:
Balance of Power, Foreign Policy, The Gulf, United StatesAbstract
US and Gulf relations are based on more than self-interest, but common selfinterest is always a key (or the key) factor in shaping an alliance and strategic relationship. The key common self-interests that drives US and Arab Gulf relations are security – the need to deal with Iran, fighting extremism, and securing the flow of petroleum exports out of the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula to meet the needs of the global economy, and to provide the key source of income for the Gulf states. This study explains why the United States maintains close ties with its Arab strategic partners in the Gulf. The study finds out that the US and its Gulf strategic partners face serious challenges, including domestic political change in the US, divisions between Arab states, the impact of regional conflicts and instability, and the growing role of non-Western powers.References
- للاطلاع على الاقتباس المأخوذ من وزير الدفاع الأميركي السابق جيمس ماتيس بهذا الصدد، ينظر: Anthony H. Cordesman, "Iraq, Iran, the Gulf, Turkey, and the Future: The Meaningless Debate Over the Trump Strategy in Syria," Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 7/1/2019, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2R7Gq57
- طرحت هذه الحجة في: John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt, "The Case for Offshore Balancing: A Superior U.S. Grand Strategy" in Foreign Affairs (July/August 2016 issue).
- U.S. Interests in the Middle East," American Foreign Policy Interests , vol. 36, no. 4 (September 2014), pp. 277.
- Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror , 2 nd ed. (New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2008).
- Malcolm H. Kerr, The Arab Cold War: Gamal ʼ Abd al-Nasir and his Rivals, 1958-1970 , 3 rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971).
- David A. Nichols, Eisenhower 1956: The President's Year of Crisis--Suez and the Brink of War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012).
- يُستثنى من هذه القاعدة حرب عام 1973 بين إسرائيل ومصر وسورية، لما رفع الرئيس الأميركي في حينه، ريتشارد نيكسون، مستوى الإنذار النووي إلى الدرجة الثالثة DEFCON III للتعبير عن احتمال أن تستدعي الحرب نشوء نزاع بين القوتين العظميين، للمزيد ينظر: Victor Israelian, "Nuclear Showdown as Nixon Slept," The Christian Science Monitor , 3/11/1993, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2MHdS41
- للاطلاع على تحليل يفسّ عدم تعاون الدول العالقة، في فخ الصراعات، لأجل المصالح الإقليمية، ينظر: Ross Harrison, "Regionalism in the Middle East: An Impossible Dream," Orient , vol. 59, no. 1 (2018), pp. 7-15.
- Trump, Pompeo Push For Harder Stance On Iran," Radio Farda , 12/7/2018, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2XHaiHZ
- Patrick Tyler, A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East-from the Cold War to the War on Terror (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010).
- Thomas W. Lippman "Critics wants U.S. to Reevaluate 'Dual Containment' Policy on Iraq and Iran," The Washington Post , 7/12/1997.
- Kenneth N. Waltz, "Anarchic Orders and Balances of Power," in: Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).
- William C. Wohlforth, "U.S. Strategy in a Unipolar World," in: G. John Ikenberry (ed.), America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power (New York: Cornell University Press, 2002).
- Kenneth N. Waltz, "Structural Realism after the Cold War," in: Ikenberry.
- Louise Fawcett, "Alliances and Regionalism in the Middle East," in: Louise Fawcett (ed.), International Relations of the Middle East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
- Kayhan Barzegar & Abdolrasool Divsallar, "Political Rationality in Iranian Foreign Policy," The Washington Quarterly , vol. 40, no. 1 (2017), pp. 39-53.
- Waltz, "Anarchic Orders," p. 128.
- Barzegar & Divsallar, pp. 39-53.
- Anthony H. Cordesman, "Saudi Arabia, the Gulf, and the United States: Abizaid's Mission Possible?" Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 19/11/2018, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2KK9kqW; Anthony H. Cordesman & Nicholas Harrington "The Arab Gulf States and Iran: Military Spending, Modernization, and the Shifting Military Balance," Report , Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 12/12/2018, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2DOHGEF; Afshon Ostovar, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
- Guy Laron, The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East (Oregon: Blackstone Audio, 2017).
- Iran Threatens to Leave 'Only Mecca and Medina' Untouched if Saudi Arabia does Something 'Ignorant'," The Independent , 8/5/2017, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: https://bit.ly/2lCjXkN
- Geoffrey Blainey, The Causes of War (New York: Free Press, 1988).
- Stephen M. Walt, "Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power," International Security, vol. 9, no. 4 (Spring 1985); Ross Harrison, "Saudi Arabia Is Weakening Itself and Strengthening Iran," Foreign Policy , 6/7/2017, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2ICg0EH
- Stephen M. Walt, "Has Trump Become a Realist?" Foreign Policy , 17/4/2018, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2X3eSDn
- Jack Detsch, "Pentagon Walks Back Trump Idea of Using Iraq Base to Counter Iran," Al - Monitor, 5/2/2019, accessed on 12/6/2016, at: http://bit.ly/2MGwwJd
- Ross Harrison, "The Global and Regional Geopolitics of Civil War in the Middle East," Middle East Institute, 4/2/2019, accessed on 12/6/2019, at: http://bit.ly/2Zt0PET
Downloads
Published
2019-09-01
Usage statistics
47 views 50 downloads
Issue
Section
Studies
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Ross Harrison (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.