"What is Populism?"

Authors

  • Author

  • Said Bakkar Ibn Zohr University, Agadir

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31430//BBUQ8859

Keywords:

Populism, Democracy, Liberalism

Abstract

​This review discusses the main findings of the report issued by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral entitled The Global State of Democracy 2021: Building Resilience in a Pandemic Era.

Author Biography

  • Said Bakkar, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir
    Professor of Arabic, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.

References

  1. Kirk A. Hawkins, Venezuela's Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 50.
  2. منى خويص، رجال الشرفات: دراسة تحليلية للظاهرة الشعبوية (بيروت: دار الفارابي،.)2012
  3. ينظر لمزيد من الاط عاا: سعيد بكار، "الشعبوية في الخطاب السياسي المغربي (2018-2011): دراسة تحليلية نقدية"، رسالة دكتوراه، جامعة ابن زهر، أكادير، 2021، ص 421-404. [غير منشور]
  4. Paul Taggart, Populism (Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2000), p. 2.
  5. ينظر على سبيل المثال: Margaret Canovan, Populism (London: Junction, 1981); Ernesto Laclau, Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory: Capitalism, Fascism, Populism (London: NLB, 1977); Ernesto Laclau, On Populist Reason (London/ New York: Verso, 2005).
  6. التشديد على الكلمات من عندنا وليس موجودًا في النص الأصلي. المصدر: من إعداد الباحث اعتمادًا على: Paul Taggart, Populism (Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2000), pp. 1-2.
  7. التشديد على الكلمات من عندنا وليس موجودًا في النص الأصلي.
  8. Teun van Dijk, "Ideology and Discourse: A Multidisciplinary Introduction," English Version of an Internet Course for the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) (July 2000), pp. 13, 19, accessed on 3/1/2022, at: https://bit.ly/3FOzMsR
  9. Marianne Jǿrgensen & Louise Phillips, Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method (London/ Thousand Oaks/ New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2002), p. 20.
  10. Cas Mudde & Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, "Exclusionary vs. Inclusionary Populism: Comparing Contemporary Europe and Latin America," Government and Opposition , vol. 48, no. 2 (2013), pp. 147-174.
  11. لمزيد من التفصيل، ينظر: Gianfranco Pasquino, "Populism and Democracy," in: Daniele Albertazzi & Duncan McDonnell (eds.), Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), p. 22.
  12. Tjitske Akkerman, "Populism and Democracy: Challenge or Pathology?" Acta Politica , vol. 38 (2003), pp. 147-159.
  13. Cas Mudde, On Extremism and Democracy in Europe (London/ New York: Routledge, 2016), p. 67.
  14. Hawkins, pp. 11-12
  15. Margaret Canovan, "Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy," Political Studies , vol. 47, no. 1 (1999), pp. 5-6.
  16. Laclau, Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory.
  17. Cas Mudde & Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), p. 79.
  18. What is Populism and is it a Threat to Democracy[?]," YouTube, 11/10/2017, accessed on 3/1/2022, at: https://bit.ly/3JEtJJK
  19. Pasquino, p. 28.
  20. Mudde & Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction , p. 79. أﺛﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ اﻹﻳﺠﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻠﻴﱪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻤﻊ أﺛﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﰲ Cas Mudde & Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), p. 83. أﺛﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﰲ أﺛﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﰲ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺪﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺪﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﺪ ﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ أﺛﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﰲ أﺛﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ اﻹﻳﺠﺎ ﰲ:المصدر Cas Mudde & Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), p. 87.
  21. Ibid., pp. 93-94.
  22. Canovan, "Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy," pp. 5-6.
  23. Mudde & Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction , p. 70.

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Published

2022-01-01

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Issue

Vol. 10 No. 054 (2022): Issue 054

Section

Book Reviews

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Copyright (c) 2021 Said Bakkar (Author)

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